Chapter 3 Quiz
If a rock is poorly sorted, this means the rock contains - mostly sand - some angular and some rounded clasts - some parts that are reddish and others that are not - a great variety of rock types as clasts - a wide range in the size of clasts
- a wide range in the size of clasts
Which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the slowest cooling? - coarse granite - fine grained granite - medium grained granite - there is not enough information to tell - volcanic glass
- coarse granite
Which of the following does NOT help define foliation in metamorphic rocks? - a dominant orientation of crystals, such as mica - light and dark colored bands - flattened shapes of deformed objects, such as pebbles - crystals that grow in a random orientation - all of these choices are correct
- crystals that grow in a random orientation
Rock that has formed from cooling magma or lava is - sedimentary rock - igneous rock - metamorphic rock
- igneous rock
The effect of transportation on a pebble's particle size is best summarized by which statement? - its size stays the same - its size increases -its size decreases
- its size decreases
Which of the following locations would contain mud and the remains of small creatures? - location 2, along a steep mountain front -location 4, along the beach -location 5, on a relatively deep seafloor -location 3, in sand dunes -location 1, along the margins of a glacier
- location 5, on a relatively deep seafloor
Heat, pressure, and deformation are processes that can create - igneous rocks - metamorphic rocks - sedimentary rocks
- metamorphic rocks
The rock cycle was conceived by James Hutton in an attempt to explain how - metamorphism occurs in surface environments - the earth was formed - older rocks become new sediment - sedimentary rocks are formed deep within earth
- older rocks become new sediment
Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified primarily on the basis of - sediment size -sedimentary structures -depth of burial - location of these sediments
- sediment size
Which of the following is NOT a typical environment in which a metamorphic rock forms? - squeezing by tectonic forces - burial to great depths - solidification of lava - heating adjacent to underground magma
- solidification of lava
which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? - transport of the clasts over long distance -working of clasts by waves on a beach -dunes formed by wind - steep sloped in a mountain
- steep sloped in a mountain
A finely crystalline or glassy igneous texture indicates that - there was a lot of gas n the magma -the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted - the rock broke apart as it flowed - the rock cooled quickly - the rock cooled slowly
- the rock cooled quickly
The main difference between conglomerate and breccia is - the size of the clasts - the shape of the clasts - the sorting of the clasts - the kind of cement - all of these choices are correct
- the shape of the clasts
what is the best explanation for the shape of these clasts? - they have been transported a significant distance -they have been moved by the wind and rounded by blowing sand in sand dunes - they accumulated on a steep slope - they are composed of relatively soft, soluble materials
- they have been transported a significant distance
The natural sediments that hold clasts together precipitate in the empty pore spaces after compaction. Those precipitates come from - the alignment of clay particles - outward growth of the original clasts - water containing dissolved materials
- water containing dissolved materials
The uniformly sized sand shown here would be described as - poorly sorted - not sorted -well sorted moderately sorted
- well sorted
Which of the following rock photographs depicts a felsic igneous rock?
- yellowish, black
Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of granite? - E -B -C -D -A
-A
Which letter in the classification table indicates the position of rhyolite? - B -C -A -D -E
-B
Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of gabbro? -C -B -A -D -E
-D
Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of basalt? -B -C -E -A -D
-E
A type of rock that forms directly from precipitates of hot water is called a(n) - igneous rock -hydrothermal rock - sedimentary rock
-hydrothermal rock
If rock is exposed to enough heat after metamorphism it will eventually - weather into magma - crystallize into magma - solidify into magma -melt into magma
-melt into magma
Which of the following is NOT involved in turning some sediment into sedimentary rock? - burial -compaction - cementation -metamorphism - all of these are involved
-metamorphism
What type of metamorphism would occur in this setting? - normal faulting -subduction -regional metamorphism -contract metamorphism
-regional metamorphism
A vesicular igneous texture indicates that - the rock broke apart as it flowed - there was a lot of gas in the magma -the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted -the rock cooled slowly -the rock cooled quickly
-there was a lot of gas in the magma
What can you infer from this contact between an overlying conglomerate and underlying sandstone? - there was a gradual switch from nonmarine to marine conditions -there was a gradual switch from marine to nonmarine conditions -there was an abrupt event, such a flood -they conglomerate was deposited by the wind
-there was an abrupt event, such a flood
What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph? - vesicles -breccia -porphyritic - glassy - none of these choices are correct
-vesicles
This figure shows the rock cycle. Drag the label for each process to its correct position on the figure. - transport -solidification -deposition -melting -weathering and erosion -deformation -uplift -burial
-weathering and erosion -transport -deposition -burial -deformation -uplift -melting -solidification
Drag the photographs so that they are in the correct order, arranged from the least metamorphosed (1) to most metamorphosed (4). - slate -schist -gneiss -phyllite
1 - slate 2 - phyllite 3 - schist 4 - gneiss
Some sedimentary rocks are composed of rock and mineral pieces, called clasts, and are called clastic rocks. We describe and classify clastic sedimentary rocks based primarily on the sizes of clasts, along with other aspects such as clast roundness. Some sedimentary rocks are not composed of clasts and are therefore nonclastic rocks. Processes capable of producing nonclastic sedimentary rocks may be chemical, biological, or have both chemical and biological aspects. Classify the following rocks and the accompanying descriptions as a Clastic sedimentary rock or a Nonclastic sedimentary rock. -
Clastic sedimentary rock - conglomerate has large, rounded clasts (pebbles, cobbles, or boulders) with sand and other fine sediment between the large clasts - breccia is similar to conglomerate but clasts are angular - shale consists mostly of fine grained (mud), especially very fine grained clay minerals - sandstone consists of sand sized grains Nonclastic Sedimentary rock - limestone, made mostly of calcium carbonate, forms when shells and coral skeletons are cemented together - coal is formed from wood and other plant parts that have been buried and compacted - chert is a silica rich rock that forms in layers from the accumulation and compaction of tiny, silica rich plankton shells - rock salt is mostly composed of halite and commonly precipitates as the water that dissolved it evaporates - chalk is a soft, limestone that forms from the accumulation of the calcium carbonate remains of microscopic organisms
This figure shows sites for forming rocks in hot or deep conditions. Drag each label to a position on the figure where that rock type could form. There are three possible sites for igneous rocks, two for metamorphic rocks, and one for hydrothermal rocks. - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6
Igneous - 2 - 1 - 3 Metamorphic - 6 -5 Hydrothermal - 4
Drag the label of each rock texture over the photograph that corresponds to this texture - porphyritic -pegmatite -medium grained - glassy -coarse grained - fine grained
Left side; top to bottom - pegmatite - medium grained - glassy right side; top to bottom - coarse grained -fine grained -porphyritic
Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks can each have a distinctive appearance in the landscape, often allowing us to recognize these rocks from a distance. Classify the following description of a landscape to the rock type exposed at the surface. Sandstone or Shale, or Limestone or Igneous rocks or Metamorphic rocks
Sandstone - forms massive cliffs, perhaps these layers were deposited by the wind as sand dunes Shale - badlands which have a soft, rounded appearance that exhibits the softness of the rocks - form the gentle, soft slopes covered by small, loose rock chips Limestone - in some relatively dry climates, this rock is fairly erosion resistant - in some relatively wet climates, this rock is fairly soluble and forms sinkholes and caves Igneous rocks - fractured, rounded shapes with spheroidal weathering - fractures, perpendicular to various shades of gray, green, brown, tan, and cream colored layers. - these layered sequences often display columnar joints Metamorphic Rocks - platy, jagged outcrops and tabular slabs of rock, folded and deformed - shiny, mineral-filled fractures called veins present
These photographs show igneous rocks with different sizes of crystals. Drag the cooling rate to the photograph whose crystal size best reflects that cooling rate. - slow cooling - moderate rate of cooling - rapid cooling - slow cooling followed by a rapid cooling
Top two - slow cooling (left) - moderate rate of cooling (rights) Bottom two - rapid cooling (left) - slow cooling followed by rapid cooling (right0
What type of metamorphism would occur in this setting? - regional metamorphism - extension - normal faulting - contact metamorphism
contact metamorphism
