Chapter 3 Review Questions

Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? a: nucleus b: mitochondrion c: vacuole d: ribosome

D: ribosome

Describe the structures that are characteristic to a prokaryote cell.

Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane and have DNA, cytoplasm, and ribosomes--like eukaryotic cells. They also have cell walls and maybe a cell capsule. May have a single large chromosome that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. May have flagella or motility, pili for conjugation, and fimbriae for adhesion to surfaces.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopes?

The advantages of light microscopes: easily obtained, light beam does not kill cells The disadvantages of light microscopes: limited in the amount of detail they can reveal. The advantages of transmission microscopes: examine internal structures of a cell The disadvantages of transmission microscopes: bulky and costly The advantages of scanning microscopes: visualization of the surface of a structure The disadvantages of scanning microscopes: bulky and costly

In the context of cell biology, what do we mean by form follows function? What are two examples of this concept?

"form follows function" refers to the idea that the function of a body part dictates the form of that body part. Ex: Organisms like birds or fish that fly or swim through the air or water have bodies that reflect that function. On a cellular level, an example would be cells in tissues involved in excretory functions having a lot of Golgi.

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system? a: mitochondrion b: the Golgi apparatus c: endoplasmic reticulum d: lysosome

A: mitochondrion

The _________ is the basic unit of life. a: organism b: cell c: tissue d: organ

B: cell

A typical prokaryotic cell __________ compared to a eukaryotic cell. a: is smaller in size by a factor of 100 b: is smaller in size c: is smaller in size by a factor of a million d: is larger in size by a factor of 10

a: is smaller in size by a factor of 100

When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use ___________ to distinguish the individual components of cells. a: a beam of electrons b: radioactive isotopes c: special stains d: high temperatures

c: Special stains

Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? a: nuclear envelope b: cell walls c: organelles d: plasma membrane

d: the plasma membrane