Chapter #3 - The Constitution: Supreme Law of the Land
27
# of amendments
26th amendment
18 year old suffrage
Marbury v. Madison
1803
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to Constitution
length of term - House of Representatives
2 years
propose an amendment
2/3 vote needed in both houses
ratify an amendment
3/4 or 38 states must ratify
length of term - President
4 years
length of term - Senator
6 years
What article is legislative branch in?
Article I
What article in the constitution is the Executive branch in?
Article II
What article is the Judicial branch in?
Article III
John Marshall
Chief justice in Marbury v. Madison
President
Commander in Chief
President's constituency
Electoral college - voters of the nation
Enabling Act
Necessary and Proper Clause ; Elastic Clause
Legislature name in a Parliamentary government.
Parliament
Cabinet
President's formal group of advisors.
Executive privilege
President's right to withhold information from Congress and the Courts.
leader of a parliamentary government chosen by the House of Commons.
Prime minister
13th amendment (Civil War Amendment)
abolishes slavery.
15th amendment
allowed Blacks the right to vote
Enabling Act
allows Congress the power to pass laws that are necessary to make government effective.
23rd amendment
allows District of Columbia citizens to vote for president.
Fundamental law
broad outline of the powers and structures of government.
17th amendment
called for senators to be directly elected by the voters, not legislatures
senate
can ratify treaties
Supremacy Clause
clause in the constitution that says state laws may not challenge or contradict laws where the national government has the constitutional authority.
Executive branch
enforce law - President
Treaty
formal agreement between leaders of nations - needs Senate approval.
1st amendment
freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition
19th amendment (1920)
gave women the right to vote
Judicial Review
gives the Supreme Court the right to declare acts of Congress to be unconstitutional.
14th amendment (Civil War Amendment)
guarantees citizenship to Blacks.
Senatorial Courtesy
idea that the Senate will not confirm a presidential nomination that is opposed by both senators from the state of the appointed.
Executive Agreement
informal agreements between leaders of nations.
Judicial branch
interpret law - Supreme Court
7th amendment
jury trial in civil cases
Legislative branch
lawmaking - Congress
11th amendment
lawsuits against a state.
length of term - federal judges
life
veto
prevents a bill from becoming a law
checks and balances
prevents accumulation of power in the hands of the few.
Checks and Balances
principle of government that allows each branch to exercise some control over the other 2.
8th amendment
prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.
3rd amendment
prohibits quartering of soldiers
18th amendment
prohibits the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol
5th amendment
protection for the accused; double jeopardy; eminent domain
4th amendment
protects against unreasonable search and seizure.
Representative constituency
qualified voters of the Congressional district
Senator constituency
qualified voters of their state.
10th amendment
reserves powers to the states.
2nd amendment
right to bear arms, state militias
12th amendment
rules for election of President and Vice-President.
6th amendment
rules for fair trial - right to defense lawyer.
Presidential government
system of government where the executive office acts independently of the legislative.
Parliamentary government
system of government where the legislative and executive powers are combined
Statutory law
the detailed rules of government passed by a legislature.
Separation of Powers
the division of the powers of government among 3 branches.
Federalism
the relationship between the federal government and the state governments.
who originally could vote?
white, male, property owners
Supreme court constituency
appointed by President, confirmed by Senate
John Adams
appoints "midnight" justices
Congress
approve defense spending and declare war.
Preamble
opening paragraph of the Constitution
24th amendment
outlaws poll taxes
Constituency
people who choose government officials and to whom the officials are accountable.
9th amendment
people's rights are not limited to the constitution
Popular Sovereignty
power of government belongs to the people.
delegated powers
powers explicitly given to the national government.
reserved powers
powers that are kept/maintained by the states.
