chapter 30, 31 quiz bio 2

Ctenophores capture food:

using adhesive glue cells that trap prey

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?

Internal fluid and salt balance was easy to maintain

Which is a characteristic of tapeworms?

Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

cnidaria

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

cnidocytes

The ____ of an earthworm allows them to resist desiccation in terrestrial environments.

cuticle

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

endoderm

What is the mode of nutrition for clams and oysters?

filter feeders

What term describes how most sponges can produce both male and female gametes?

hermaphroditic

____ is an anticoagulant used by leeches.

hirudin

What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade?

the animal molts

What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?

suspension/filter feeders

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

choanoflagellates

A true body cavity completely surrounded by ____ is called a coelom.

a mesoderm

After embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of:

cell division

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

They do not have setae or parapodia

Which statement about bilateral symmetry is FALSE?

[a. Bilateral symmetry evolved in cnidarians.] b. Bilateral animals tend to have cephalization. c. Bilaterally symmetrical animals has three axes. d. Bilateral symmetry animals have a mesoderm. e. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral surfaces.

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):

cat

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

coelom lined by mesoderm.

The veliger larval form is unique to:

mollusks

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

the desiccating effect of the atmosphere

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE?

a. Animals are consumers. b. Animals have specialized cells. [c. Animals cannot respond to stimuli.] d. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. e. Animals have a life cycle of development.

The head end of an animal is known as its:

anterior end

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs

The first air-breathing land animals were:

arthropods

The diverse body plans seen in Animalia apparently developed during the:

cambrian period

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

collar cells

. Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ____ for achieving circulation and gas exchange.

diffusion

Because it is an enclosed compartment of fluid under pressure, the coelom can serve as a _____, which shapes the body of soft animals.

hydrostatic skeleton

A marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because:

it would have difficulty with osmoregulation

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

locomotion

In scyphozoans, the ____ is the dominant body form.

medusa

The ____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

mesoderm

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

mouth

Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes?

parapodia

The larvae of some cnidarians are known as ____ larvae.

planula

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

porifera (sponges)

One characteristic of class Bivalvia is that they:

possess two shells with a hinge

Ribbon worms have a unique ____ that is used to capture prey.

proboscis

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

radula

. Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

rapidly changing colors

Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?

rotifers

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

scolex

Which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?

setae

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:

snail

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

sponge larvae are motile

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

they have a segmented body

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

tissues

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

to regulate fluid balance

The first land animals likely moved onto land how long ago?

450 million years ago

Which statement about echinoderms is FALSE?

a. They develop as deuterostomes. b. They fall within the group Bilateria. [c. They show evidence of segmentation.] d. The fall on the eumetazoan branch of animals. e. They fall within the group Deuterostomia.

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land?

a. egg shell b. internal fertilization c. skeletal system and muscles [d. external respiratory surfaces] e. embryo development within the female

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

a. tail end − posterior b. mesoderm − muscles [c. coelom − nο body cavity] d. deuterostomes − radial cleavage e. triploblastic − bilateral organism

Members of the phylum ____ are the simplest organisms with a separate mouth and anus.

ctenophora

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and ____, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and ____.

ctenophores; endoderm

Which group of organisms display radial cleavage during development?

echinoderms

Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome?

echinoderms

The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:

ectoderm

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

freshwater is typically hypotonic to tissue fluids

What molecular evidence have been found in cnidarians, which have radial symmetry, that is evidence to indicate cnidarians share a common ancestor with bilateral animals?

hox genes

Where does digestion in a sponge takes place?

individual cells

Most mollusks are:

marine

Which statement about the development of a coelom is FALSE?

[a. It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers.] b. It requires the endoderm to be covered by mesoderm. c. It occurs in protostomes and deuterostomes. d. It may occur by random. e. It is a fluid-filled cavity.

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?

They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions

The first animals to show cephalization have several characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

a. These animals were triploblastic. [b. These animals had a proboscis.] c. These animals were in phylum Platyhelminthes. d. These animals are placed in the group Lophotrochozoa. e. These animals followed the protostome pattern of embryonic development.