Chapter 30 & 31 Test

Which best describes the purpose of the Dawes Plan? a. To enable German banks to loan money to the United States b. To resolve World War I reparations c. To prevent countries from defaulting on their loans to the United States d. To build up the U.S. economy after the financial crash of 1929 e. To cancel war debts owed by the Allies

b. To resolve World War I reparations

What does the artist imply about life in this 1930s city? a. Most people got their news from the radio. b. Violent crime was a regular part of urban life. c. The "melting pot" of ethnicities gave the city a rich character.

b. Violent crime was a regular part of urban life.

All of the following concerns were addressed during the "Hundred Days" of the New Deal EXCEPT a. homeowner mortgage support b. court restructuring c. unemployment relief d. agricultural adjustment e. banking regulation

b. court restructuring

The "political radicalism" referred to in the excerpt was most directly a response to the experience of a. mass consumption b. economic depression c. desegregation d. nativism

b. economic depression

The flappers of the 1920's challenged traditional American attitudes about women by supporting a. a federal law to establish prenatal clinics in rural areas b. greater freedom in manner of dress and moral behavior c. an equal rights amendement d. a federal birth control and abortion rights protection law e. gender equality in salaries

b. greater freedom in manner of dress and moral behavior

Question 29 Which of the following was NOT a figure in the Harlem Renaissance? a. Langston Hughes b. Zora Neale Hurston c. James Weldon Johnson d. Josephine Baker e. A. Philip Randolph

e. A. Philip Randolph

Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance? a. The establishment of the back-to-Africa movement b. The beginning of the NAACP c. The most famous art show of the early twentieth century d. The rehabilitation of a decaying urban area e. An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity

e. An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity

The National Recovery Administration (NRA) attempted all of the following tactics except: a. Forbidding the "yellow-dog" contract b. Working out codes of fair competition, under which hours of labor would be reduced so that employment could be spread among more people c. Combining immediate relief with long-range recovery and reform d. Placing a ceiling on the maximum hours of labor and placing a floor under wages to establish minimum levels e. Denying workers the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing

e. Denying workers the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing

American plan a. A social-oriented approach to worker relations popular among firms in the 1920s to defeat unionization. b. Managers sought to end their communication with workers and to offer benefits like pensions and insurance. c. None of the choices are correct. d. They insisted on an "closed shop" in contrast to the mandatory union membership through the "open shop" that many labor activists had demanded in the strike wave after World War I.

c. None of the choices are correct.

Hundred Days (Identify the historical significance) a. The first hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, stretching from March 9 to June 16, 1933, when an unprecedented number of reform bills were passed by a Democratic Congress to launch the Square Deal. b. The first hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, stretching from January 9 to April 16, 1933, when an unprecedented number of reform bills were passed by a Democratic Congress to launch the New Deal. c. None of the choices are correct. d. The first hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, stretching from March 9 to June 16, 1933, when an unprecedented number of reform bills were passed by a Republican Congress to launch the New Deal.

c. None of the choices are correct.

The Civilian Conservation Corps created all of the following job opportunities except: a. Fire fighting b. Flood control c. Police work d. Reforestation e. Swamp drainage

c. Police work

What was Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, best known for? a. Advocacy for industrial unions to promote labor efficiency b. Development of the gasoline engine c. Promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management d. Thoughts on Darwinian evolution e. Efforts to clean up polluted cities

c. Promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management

Match 1. 1932 2. 1934 3. 1935 4. 1936 5. 1938 6. 1940 a. Securities and Exchance Commission authorized b. "Sick Chicken" case decided c. Roosevelt reelected d. CIO organizes General Motors strike e. Roosevelt defeats Hoover f. Fair Labor Standards Act passed

1. 1932 -- e. Roosevelt defeats Hoover 2. 1934 -- a. Securities and Exchance Commission authorized 3. 1935 -- b. "Sick Chicken" case decided 4. 1936 -- d. CIO organizes General Motors strike 5. 1938 -- f. Fair Labor Standards Act passed 6. 1940 -- c. Roosevelt reelected

Match 1. Part of a New Deal effort to reform the industry that caused the Wall Street crash of 1929 2. Overturned the controversial National Recovery Administration 3. Invested new organization with significant power 4. Excluded many workers from labor protections a. Fair Labor Standards Act passed. b. CIO organizes a strike at General Motors. c. Securities and Exchange Commission authorized. d. "Sick Chicken" Case decided.

1. Part of a New Deal -- c. securities and exchange 2. Overturned -- d. sick chicken 3. Invested -- b. CIO organizes 4. Excluded many -- a. fair labor

What was the theme song of Franklin Roosevelt's 1932 campaign? a. "Happy Days are Here Again" b. "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" c. "The Only Thing We Have to Fear is Fear Itself" d. "New York, New York" e. "This Land is Your Land"

a. "Happy Days are Here Again"

Father Charles Coughlin a. A Catholic priest from Michigan who goaded 40 million radio listeners with his weekly anti-New Deal harangues. He was a well-known opponent of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies. b. Louisiana governor, later U.S. senator, whose anti-New Deal "Share Our Wealth" program promised to make "Every Man a King." Long was gunned down in 1935. c. A Democratic senator from New York from 1927 to 1949, Wagner was responsible for the passage of some of the most important legislation enacted through the New Deal. d. A former New York social worker, Hopkins came to be one of the major architects of the New Deal, heading up the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Works Progress Administration and serving as a personal confidant to President Roosevelt.

a. A Catholic priest from Michigan who goaded 40 million radio listeners with his weekly anti-New Deal harangues. He was a well-known opponent of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) a. A government program created by Congress to hire young unemployed men to improve the rural, out-of-doors environment with such work as planting trees, fighting fires, draining swamps, and maintaining national parks. b. A New Deal program designed to raise agricultural prices by paying farmers not to farm. It was based on the assumption that higher prices would increase farmers' purchasing power and thereby help alleviate the Great Depression. c. None of the choices are correct. d. A flagship accomplishment of the New Deal, this law provided for unemployment and old-age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees. It has long remained a pillar of the "New Deal Order."

a. A government program created by Congress to hire young unemployed men to improve the rural, out-of-doors environment with such work as planting trees, fighting fires, draining swamps, and maintaining national parks.

A. Mitchell Palmer a. A zealous prosecutor and anti-red, Palmer served as attorney general during the post-World War I "red scare," when thousands of foreign nationals were deported because of suspected subversive activities. b. Along with Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian anarchists convicted in 1921 of the murder of a paymaster and a security guard at a Massachusetts shoe factory. Despite a worldwide public outcry, they were electrocuted in 1927. c. Harvard-educated poet who became one of the twentieth century's most influential practitioners of "high modernism." His poetic masterpieces included The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Waste Land. d. Along with Randolph Bourne, early-twentieth-century commentators who wrote against the grain of "one-hundred-percent" Americanism, celebrating ethnic diversity and cultural pluralism. Their essays left behind an important legacy for later writers on pluralism and civil rights.

a. A zealous prosecutor and anti-red, Palmer served as attorney general during the post-World War I "red scare," when thousands of foreign nationals were deported because of suspected subversive activities.

Margaret Sanger a. All choices are correct. b. In 1916, she established the first birth-control clinic in the United States. c. A nurse and prominent birth-control activist who founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which eventually became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. d. In 1916 she endured the first of many arrests for illegally distributing information about contraception.

a. All choices are correct.

Social Security Act (Identify the historical significance) a. All choices are correct. b. This law provided for unemployment and old-age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees. c. It has long remained a pillar of the "New Deal Order." d. A flagship accomplishment of the New Deal.

a. All choices are correct.

The impact of the Great Depression on agriculture in the United States continued which of the following trends? a. The farm labor force diminished in size as the economy industrialized. b. The need for immigrant farmworkers increased. c. Support for conservation policies in rural areas declined. d. The demand for food resources from abroad grew.

a. The farm labor force diminished in size as the economy industrialized.

What conclusion can be made based on the image? a. The march went through a process of permit approval. b. The march was hastily organized in response to anti-lynching legislation. c. The marchers were breaking the law.

a. The march went through a process of permit approval.

Immigration Act of 1924 a. Also known as the "National Origins Act," this law established quotas for immigration to the United States. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether. b. Also known as the "National Immigration Act," this law established quotas for immigration to the United States. Immigration from northern and western Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether. c. Also known as the "National Origins Act," this law unlimited immigration to the United States. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether. d. None of the choices are correct.

a. Also known as the "National Origins Act," this law established quotas for immigration to the United States. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether.

Which of the following best characterizes the stance of the writers associated with the literary flowering of the 1920s, such as Sinclair Lewis and F. Scott Fitzgerald? a. Criticism of middle-class conformity and materialism b. Commitment to the cause of racial equality c. Nostalgia for the "good old days" d. Advocacy of cultural isolationism e. Sympathy for Protestant fundamentalism

a. Criticism of middle-class conformity and materialism

What can be inferred from the image about urban transportation in this city? a. Driving could be dangerous. b. Only wealthy individuals owned cars. c. Public transportation was disorganized and underused.

a. Driving could be dangerous.

The establishment of a stronger economic regulatory system during the Great Depression most closely reflected a continuity with which of the following? a. Efforts to restrict the excesses of corporations during the Progressive Era b. Efforts to fund internal improvements during the Early Republic c. Efforts to expand the influence of unionized labor during the Gilded Age d. Efforts to encourage women to enter the workforce during the Second World War

a. Efforts to restrict the excesses of corporations during the Progressive Era

The policies passed in response to the Great Depression contributed to a change in which of the following earlier popular beliefs? a. Government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns. b. Federal programs should contribute to the welfare of older Americans. c. Labor unions should have the sole power to negotiate with corporations. d. Big business should have significant influence over federal legislation.

a. Government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns.

All of the following were true of Hoover's actions during the "lame duck" period before Roosevelt's inauguration except: a. He was trying to bind his successor to an inflationary policy that would have supported many of the later New Deal experiments. b. He attempted to lock Roosevelt into policies that would have made the New Deal impossible. c. He struggled to win Roosevelt's cooperation with his policies. d. He was helpless to embark upon any long-range policies without the cooperation of Roosevelt. e. He succeeded in arranging two meetings with FDR to discuss the war-debt muddle.

a. He was trying to bind his successor to an inflationary policy that would have supported many of the later New Deal experiments.

Which of the following was the most direct effect of conditions such as those described in the excerpt (Grapes of Wrath)? a. Internal migration in search of better economic opportunities b. A middle-class movement to the suburbs c. Conservative opposition to an increased government role in the economy d. Earlier marriages and an increase in family size

a. Internal migration in search of better economic opportunities

What conclusion can be made based on the image about employment in the Great Depression? a. Jobs in the public sector were relatively stable. b. Child labor was outlawed. c. Women worked just as much as men.

a. Jobs in the public sector were relatively stable.

What did the so-called Indian New Deal include an emphasis on? a. Local tribal self-government and recovery of Indian identity and culture b. The migration of Indians from rural reservations to the cities c. Programs to encourage businesses like gambling casinos to locate on Indian lands d. The distribution of tribal lands to individual Indian landowners e. Forced-assimilation policies to integrate tribal lands into the programs of the New Deal

a. Local tribal self-government and recovery of Indian identity and culture

What did the so-called Indian New Deal include an emphasis on? a. Local tribal self-government and recovery of Indian identity and culture b. The migration of Indians from rural reservations to the cities c. The distribution of tribal lands to individual Indian landowners

a. Local tribal self-government and recovery of Indian identity and culture

(No question) a. Opposition to recruiting African American soldiers for the United States Army b. The inability of African American artists to influence popular culture c. Ongoing public debates over how to improve race relations d. Racial restrictions on the freedom of speech imposed during the First World War

a. Opposition to recruiting African American soldiers for the United States Army

Which of these statements best compares the approach of the TVA with the approach of the National Recovery Administration (NRA)? a. The NRA directed industries to create "fair competition" codes to boost employment. b. The NRA was aimed at promoting recovery in urban industrial regions rather than in rural regions. c. The NRA provided direct relief to the poor rather than government-funded construction projects.

a. The NRA directed industries to create "fair competition" codes to boost employment.

Black Tuesday a. The dark, panicky day of October 29, 1929, when over 16,410,000 shares of stock were sold on Wall Street. It was a trigger that helped bring on the Great Depression. b. The dark, panicky day of October 29, 1935, when over 16,410,000 shares of stock were sold on Wall Street. It was a trigger that helped bring on the Great Depression. c. The dark, panicky day of October 29, 1929, when over 16,410,000 shares of stock were sold on Main Street. It was a trigger that helped bring on the Great Depression. d. The dark, panicky day of October 29, 1929, when over 16,410 shares of stock were sold on Wall Street. It was a trigger that helped bring on the Great Depression.

a. The dark, panicky day of October 29, 1929, when over 16,410,000 shares of stock were sold on Wall Street. It was a trigger that helped bring on the Great Depression.

Which president is associated with the Teapot Dome scandal? a. Theodore Roosevelt b. Calvin Coolidge c. Herbert Hoover d. Warren Harding e. Franklin Roosevelt

d. Warren Harding

During the campaign of 1936, what was the Republican Party's attitude toward the New Deal? a. The party condemned the New Deal for its radicalism, experimentation, confusion, and "frightful waste." b. The party accepted and promised to uphold some of the New Deal reforms. c. The party echoed the cry of the American Liberty League, who praised the New Deal reforms as "socialistic." d. The party championed the Social Security Act, but no other New Deal reforms. e. The party suggested the New Deal reforms were not enough and promised to enact stronger legislation.

a. The party condemned the New Deal for its radicalism, experimentation, confusion, and "frightful waste."

Eleanor Roosevelt a. The wife of Franklin Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt was the most active First Lady the United States had ever seen and was known for her devotion to the impoverished and oppressed. b. The highest-ranking African American in the Roosevelt administration, Bethune headed the Office of Minority Affairs and was a leader of the unofficial "Black Cabinet," which sought to apply New Deal benefits to blacks as well as whites. c. None of the choices are correct. d. The first woman cabinet member and secretary of labor under Roosevelt, Perkins helped draw labor into the New Deal coalition.

a. The wife of Franklin Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt was the most active First Lady the United States had ever seen and was known for her devotion to the impoverished and oppressed.

Marcus Garvey's prominence during the 1920s arose from his a. emphasis on the importance of Black pride and Black nationalism b. service as an unofficial adviser to Presidents and cabinet members c. financial and literary contributions to the Harlem Renaissance d. development of a national network of Blackowned businesses e. establishment of a political party focusing on civil rights issues

a. emphasis on the importance of Black pride and Black nationalism

The LEAST prosperous group in the 1920s consisted of a. farmers in the Midwest and the South b. workers in service industries c. workers in older industries like steel and railroads d. workers in newer industries like radio and automobiles e. skilled workers threatened by new laborsaving technologies

a. farmers in the Midwest and the South

During the 1920s, both the Sacco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected a. public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants b. increased racism resulting from the migration of Black southerners to urban centers in the North c. growing lawlessness resulting from the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) d. the decreased influence of fundamentalist religious groups e. widespread opposition to Congress' decision to join the League of Nations

a. public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants

The Great Depression-era photograph above was taken with the goal of a. publicizing the plight of migrant farmworkers and their families. b. promoting enrollment in the new Medicaid program. c. protesting the federal government's refusal to provide aid for victims of natural disasters. d. winning approval of a federal program that would distribute land and agricultural equipment to impoverished farmers. e. generating congressional support for the Wagner Act.

a. publicizing the plight of migrant farmworkers and their families.

Al Capone a. The "Sage of Baltimore," he established himself as the nation's leading critic and literary stylist in the early twentieth century. Championing liberal, modernist causes, he led the assault on William Jennings Bryan's Fundamentalist crusade at the Scopes "Monkey Trial." b. A notorious Chicago bootlegger and gangster during prohibition, Capone evaded conviction for murder but served most of an eleven-year sentence for tax evasion. c. The unsuccessful Democratic candidate for president in 1924. The wealthy, Wall Street-connected Davis was no less conservative than his opponent, Calvin Coolidge. d. African American poet and leading literary voice of the Harlem Renaissance. His modernist poems incorporated colloquial black speech and gave poetic expression to the twentieth-century African American condition.

b. A notorious Chicago bootlegger and gangster during prohibition, Capone evaded conviction for murder but served most of an eleven-year sentence for tax evasion.

Albert B. Fall a. An American aviator who made history as the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic. An instant international hero, Lindbergh's reputation was later tarnished by anti-Semitic views he voiced during World War II. b. A scheming conservationist who served as secretary of the interior under Warren G. Harding. Fall was one of the key players in the notorious Teapot Dome scandal. c. A prominent inventor and engineer who developed "scientific management," a system of shop-floor organization that stressed efficient, highly supervised labor management and production methods. His methods revolutionized manufacturing across the industrialized world. d. A zealous prosecutor and anti-red, Palmer served as attorney general during the post-World War I "red scare," when thousands of foreign nationals were deported because of suspected subversive activities.

b. A scheming conservationist who served as secretary of the interior under Warren G. Harding. Fall was one of the key players in the notorious Teapot Dome scandal.

Which of the following has been viewed by some historians as an indication of strong anti-Catholic sentiment in the presidential election of 1928? a. Alfred E. Smith's choice of Arkansas senator Joseph T. Robinson as his running mate b. Alfred E. Smith's failure to carry a solidly Democratic South c. The failure of the farm bloc to go to the polls d. Herbert Hoover's use of "rugged individualism" as his campaign slogan e. The increased political activity of the Ku Klux Klan

b. Alfred E. Smith's failure to carry a solidly Democratic South

Francis E. Townsend a. A retired physician who had lost his savings in the Great Depression and promoted a plan. b. All choices are correct. c. One estimate had the scheme costing one-half of the national income. d. The promoted plan was popular with senior citizens, to pay every person over sixty years old $200 a month, provided that the money was spent within the month.

b. All choices are correct.

Hoovervilles a. Inhabitants slept under newspapers and in makeshift tents. b. All choices are correct. c. Grim shantytowns where impoverished victims of the Great Depression. d. Their visibility (and sarcastic name) tarnished the reputation of the Hoover administration.

b. All choices are correct.

Wagner Act (Identify the historical significance) a. Its passage marked the demise of labor unions in the United States. b. Also known as the National Labor Relations Act, this law protected the right of labor to organize in unions and bargain collectively with employers. c. It established the National Big Brother Board to monitor unfair labor practices on the part of employers. d. All the choices are correct.

b. Also known as the National Labor Relations Act, this law protected the right of labor to organize in unions and bargain collectively with employers.

Sigmund Freud a. One of the most influential minds of the nineteenth century. b. An Austrian physician who led the way in developing the field of psychoanalysis. c. Freud was known for his argument that violent repression was responsible for a variety of physical ills. d. None of the choices are correct.

b. An Austrian physician who led the way in developing the field of psychoanalysis.

In the later years of the New Deal, Franklin Roosevelt adopted the economic theory of Keynesianism, which called for what? a. Shrinking the size of the federal government and channeling most federal spending through the states b. The use of substantial deficit spending to stimulate the economy and create employment c. Creating lower interest rates to encourage business borrowing and home ownership d. Deliberately promoting inflation so as to make consumer debt easier to repay e. Hitching American currency to the gold standard to shore up consumer confidence

b. The use of substantial deficit spending to stimulate the economy and create employment

Dawes Plan a. This law banned "yellow-dog," or antiunion, work contracts and forbade federal courts from issuing injunctions to quash strikes and boycotts. It was an early piece of labor-friendly federal legislation. b. An arrangement negotiated in 1924 to reschedule German reparations payments. It stabilized the German currency and opened the way for further American private loans to Germany. c. Agreement coming out of the Washington "Disarmament" Conference of 1921-1922 that pledged Britain, France, Italy, Japan, the United States, China, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Belgium to abide by the Open Door policy in China. The Five-Power Naval Treaty on ship ratios and the Four-Power Treaty to preserve the status quo in the Pacific also came out of the conference. d. A farm-relief bill that was championed throughout the 1920s and aimed to keep agricultural prices high by authorizing the government to buy up surpluses and sell them abroad. Congress twice passed the bill, but President Calvin Coolidge vetoed it in 1927 and 1928.

b. An arrangement negotiated in 1924 to reschedule German reparations payments. It stabilized the German currency and opened the way for further American private loans to Germany.

What did cultural Pluralists like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne argue? a. German and Austrian immigrants should be "100% Americanized." b. Immigrants should not be required to melt into the Anglo American norm but should maintain and develop their diverse cultures within the United States. c. The American political system should be reformed to reflect cultural interests instead of the interests of states and regions. d. Spanish and English should both be recognized as official American languages. e. Catholicism and Judaism should be rega

b. Immigrants should not be required to melt into the Anglo American norm but should maintain and develop their diverse cultures within the United States.

Huey P. ("Kingfish") Long (Identify the historical significance) a. None of the choices are correct b. Louisiana governor, later U.S. senator, whose anti-New Deal "Share Our Wealth" program promised to make "Every Man a King." Long was gunned down in 1935. c. Alabama governor, later U.S. senator, whose anti-New Deal "Share Our Wealth" program promised to make "Every Man a King." Long was gunned down in 1935. d. Louisiana governor, later U.S. senator, whose anti-New Deal "Take Our Wealth" program promised to make "Every Man a Star." Long was gunned down in 1935.

b. Louisiana governor, later U.S. senator, whose anti-New Deal "Share Our Wealth" program promised to make "Every Man a King." Long was gunned down in 1935.

Which of the following best explains a long-term result of the development depicted in the excerpt (for Summer sport)? a. New types of art emerged within urban African American communities. b. New forms of mass media contributed to the spread of national culture. c. New prosperity brought working-class citizens into the middle class. d. New labor demands resulted in fewer people working in agriculture.

b. New forms of mass media contributed to the spread of national culture.

Tennesse Valley Authority (TVA) (Identify the historical significance) a. A law creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which insured individual bank deposits and ended a century-long tradition of unstable banking that had reached a crisis in the Great Depression. b. One of the most revolutionary of the New Deal public works projects, the TVA brought cheap electric power, full employment, low-cost housing, and environmental improvements to Americans in the Tennessee Valley. c. Franklin Roosevelt's politically motivated and ill-fated scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire. His objective was to overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms. d. None of the choices are correct.

b. One of the most revolutionary of the New Deal public works projects, the TVA brought cheap electric power, full employment, low-cost housing, and environmental improvements to Americans in the Tennessee Valley.

Which was a major tool of the election of 1928? a. Farm blocks b. Radio c. Television d. The church e. Labor unions

b. Radio

The trend depicted in the graph most directly contributed to which of the following developments after 1920 ? a. A decline in internal migration b. Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe c. Total exclusion of immigration from China d. Federal efforts to return Mexican immigrants to their homeland

b. Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe

John T. Scopes a. An Austrian physician who led the way in developing the field of psychoanalysis. One of the most influential minds of the twentieth century, Freud was known for his argument that sexual repression was responsible for a variety of nervous and emotional ills. b. Tennessee high-school biology teacher who was prosecuted in 1925 for teaching the theory of evolution. Former presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan joined the prosecution. The talented Clarence Darrow served as defense attorney. c. Minnesota-born and Princeton-educated novelist who captured the glamour and spiritual emptiness of the 1920s jazz age in novels such as This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby. d. The "Father of the Traffic Jam," Ford developed the Model T Ford and pioneered its assembly-line production. As founder of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the wealthiest men in the world.

b. Tennessee high-school biology teacher who was prosecuted in 1925 for teaching the theory of evolution. Former presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan joined the prosecution. The talented Clarence Darrow served as defense attorney.

Which of the following sought to address the Great Depression by reducing production? a. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation b. The Agricultural Adjustment Act c. The National Labor Relations Act d. The Civilian Conservation Corps e. The Glass-Steagall Act

b. The Agricultural Adjustment Act

Which was established by the Agricultural Marketing Act? a. A bipartisan "farm bloc" b. The Federal Farm Board c. The McNary-Haugen Bill d. The Hawley-Smoot Tariff e. Lower tariffs for farmers

b. The Federal Farm Board

Fair Labor Standards Act (Identify the historical significance) a. The law also outlawed labor by children under nineteen. b. The exclusion of agricultural, service, and domestic workers meant that many blacks, Mexican Americans, and women—who were concentrated in these sectors—did not benefit from the act's protection. c. All of the choices are correct. d. Important New Deal labor legislation that regulated minimum wages and maximum hours for workers involved in local commerce.

b. The exclusion of agricultural, service, and domestic workers meant that many blacks, Mexican Americans, and women—who were concentrated in these sectors—did not benefit from the act's protection.

Scopes Trial a. Pitting Christian fundamentalists against creationists. b. All choices are correct. c. A court case that took place during the summer of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, over the issue of whether evolution could be taught in public schools. d. The trial eventually produced celebratory results for fundamentalists, who won the case and were heralded by the national press.

c. A court case that took place during the summer of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, over the issue of whether evolution could be taught in public schools.

The map indicates that before the TVA was passed, the region did not have: a. A water supply that was adequate for its inhabitants' needs b. A transportation network that could support industrialization c. A sufficient supply of power to fuel economic growth

c. A sufficient supply of power to fuel economic growth

Langston Hughes a. The "Sage of Baltimore," he established himself as the nation's leading critic and literary stylist in the early twentieth century. Championing liberal, modernist causes, he led the assault on William Jennings Bryan's Fundamentalist crusade at the Scopes "Monkey Trial." b. None of the choices are correct. c. African American poet and leading literary voice of the Harlem Renaissance. His modernist poems incorporated colloquial black speech and gave poetic expression to the twentieth-century African American condition. d. Novelist and author of The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms. Former newspaper correspondent and wartime ambulance driver, he became an international celebrity for his searing war novels, clipped prose, and personal exploits.

c. African American poet and leading literary voice of the Harlem Renaissance. His modernist poems incorporated colloquial black speech and gave poetic expression to the twentieth-century African American condition.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Identify the historical significance) a. When World War II broke out in Europe, he steered the United States into the war, which in the end proved more effective than the New Deal in helping the nation recover from difficult economic times. b. He first won the presidency against Republican incumbent Herbert Hoover in 1932 in the depths of the Great Depression and was credited with having developed a program, called the New Deal, that shepherded the nation out of crisis. c. All choices are correct. d. His gallant struggle against polio and his enormous talents as a politician made him a beloved leader for a dozen difficult years in the nation's history. e. The thirty-second president of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt was the only American president to be elected to four terms of office.

c. All choices are correct.

New Deal a. The economic and political policies of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in the 1930s. b. The New Deal built on reforms of the progressive era to expand greatly an American-style welfare state. c. All choices are correct. d. It aimed to solve the problems of the Great Depression by providing relief for the unemployed and launching efforts to stimulate economic recovery.

c. All choices are correct.

During the 1930s Black voters overwhelmingly switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party because a. the Democrats promised to end Prohibition. b. the Ku Klux Klan was gaining power within the Republican Party. c. Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies. d. President Roosevelt actively pursued race reform. e. southern Democrats widely favored abolishing the poll tax.

c. Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies.

Court Packing Plan (Identify the historical significance) a. None of the choices are correct. b. Franklin Roosevelt's politically motivated and successful scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire. His objective was to overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms, in which he was successful c. Franklin Roosevelt's politically motivated and ill-fated scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire. His objective was to overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms. d. Franklin Roosevelt's politically motivated and ill-fated scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over fifty who would not retire. His objective was to overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms.

c. Franklin Roosevelt's politically motivated and ill-fated scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire. His objective was to overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms.

Dust Bowl a. All of the choices are correct. b. The disaster led to the migration into Florida of thousands of displaced "Okies" and "Arkies." c. Grim nickname for the Great Plains region devastated by drought and dust storms during the 1930s. The disaster led to the migration into California of thousands of displaced "Okies" and "Arkies." d. Brought cheap electric power, full employment, low-cost housing, and environmental improvements to Americans in the Tennessee Valley.

c. Grim nickname for the Great Plains region devastated by drought and dust storms during the 1930s. The disaster led to the migration into California of thousands of displaced "Okies" and "Arkies."

Which anti-New Deal demagogue touted the "Share Our Wealth" program? a. Father Charles Coughlin b. Dr. Francis E. Townsend c. Huey P. Long d. Harry L. Hopkins e. Gerald L. K. Smith

c. Huey P. Long

Bonus Expeditionary Force (BEF) a. The federal government paid all the veterans $20,000.00 b. All choices are correct. c. Informally known as the Bonus Army, this rag-tag group of twenty thousand veterans marched on Washington to demand immediate payment of bonuses earned during World War I. d. General Pershing dispersed the veterans with tear gas and bayonets.

c. Informally known as the Bonus Army, this rag-tag group of twenty thousand veterans marched on Washington to demand immediate payment of bonuses earned during World War I.

What were the first widespread commercial airplanes used for? a. Tourist travel b. Crop spraying c. Mail delivery d. Commuting to work e. Bulk cargo shipping

c. Mail delivery

Who did Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon place the heaviest tax burden on? a. The working poor b. His fellow millionaires c. Middle-income groups d. The business community e. The working class

c. Middle-income groups

Situations such as those describeid in the excerpt (grapes of wrath) were most directly addressed by a. Progressive Era reforms b. Great Society efforts to end poverty c. New Deal government programs d. First World War economic production

c. New Deal government programs

What was Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal most notable for? a. Undermining state and local governments b. Ending the Great Depression c. Providing moderate social and economic reform of the American capitalist system and giving necessary relief to millions of downtrodden without radical revolution or reactionary fascism d. Aiding big cities at the expense of farmers e. Attacking the American capitalist system

c. Providing moderate social and economic reform of the American capitalist system and giving necessary relief to millions of downtrodden without radical revolution or reactionary fascism

In December 1919, where did the United States government deport nearly 250 immigrant radicals to? a. Germany b. Their original homelands c. Soviet Russia d. Communist China e. Cuba

c. Soviet Russia

In the 1930s, anthropologists like Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict did all of the following except: a. Advanced bold new ideas about sexuality, gender roles, and intergenerational relationships b. Suggested that each culture, like each individual, had its own personality c. Tended to uphold traditional family ideals and gender relationships in their studies d. Helped popularize cultural anthropology e. Developed the culture and personality movement in the 1930s and 1940s

c. Tended to uphold traditional family ideals and gender relationships in their studies

Which piece of legislation from Roosevelt's First Hundred Days aimed to reform the banking industry? a. The creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps b. The authorization of the Securities and Exchange Commission c. The Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act d. The Fair Labor Standards Act e. The Tennessee Valley Authority Act

c. The Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act

What was the main reason for the major decrease in the number of Europeans immigrating to the United States in the 1920s? a. There was widespread prosperity in Europe after the First World War. b. A significant increase in emigration from Latin America left fewer jobs for European immigrants. c. The United States passed the National Origins Act. d. Fear of political persecution after the Palmer raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case discouraged many Europeans from emigrating. e. Most European countries passed laws forbidding immigration to the United States.

c. The United States passed the National Origins Act.

Frances Perkins (Identify the historical significance) a. An Austrian physician who led the way in developing the field of psychoanalysis. b. The highest-ranking African American in the Roosevelt administration, Bethune headed the Office of Minority Affairs and was a leader of the unofficial "Black Cabinet," which sought to apply New Deal benefits to blacks as well as whites. c. The first woman cabinet member and secretary of labor under Roosevelt, Perkins helped draw labor into the New Deal coalition. d. A nurse and prominent birth-control activist who founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which eventually became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

c. The first woman cabinet member and secretary of labor under Roosevelt, Perkins helped draw labor into the New Deal coalition.

The excerpt best reflects which of the following changes to United States society's compared to previous periods? a. The decline of segregationist policies in public spaces b. The increased importance of defense industries after the First World War c. The growth of a consumer culture that emphasized leisure time d. The resistance to labor organization by corporations

c. The growth of a consumer culture that emphasized leisure time

Mary McLeod Bethune (Identify the historical significance) a. None of the choices are correct. b. Feminist author of The Feminine Mystique in 1960. c. The highest-ranking African American in the Roosevelt administration, Bethune headed the Office of Minority Affairs and was a leader of the unofficial "Black Cabinet," which sought to apply New Deal benefits to blacks as well as whites. d. NAACP leader in Montgomery, Alabama, who inaugurated that city's famous bus boycott in 1955 by refusing to give up her seat on a public bus to a white passenger.

c. The highest-ranking African American in the Roosevelt administration, Bethune headed the Office of Minority Affairs and was a leader of the unofficial "Black Cabinet," which sought to apply New Deal benefits to blacks as well as whites.

What reasonable conclusion can you draw, based on the image, about the women of the KKK? a. They believed they were as powerful as men. b. They sought total independence from men as a political statement. c. They relied on men for protection.

c. They relied on men for protection.

What can be inferred from the image about the political beliefs of the KKK? a. They wanted to secede from the United States. b. They renounced violence. c. They saw themselves as patriotic Americans.

c. They saw themselves as patriotic Americans.

The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920's? a. A sharp decrease in railroad passenger traffic b. Construction of the federal interstate highway system c. Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families d. The federal government's abandonment of research on air travel e. The development of a large international market for American automobiles

c. Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families

The purpose of the immigration restriction acts passed in the 1920s was to a. favor southern and eastern European immigration b. exclude Chinese immigration for a period of ten years c. favor northern and western European immigration d. deny citizenship to immigrants from Asia and Africa e. limit immigration from Canada and Mexico

c. favor northern and western European immigration

During the Great Depression, "Hoovervilles" were a. soup kitchens financed under New Deal legislation. b. model communities established by the Hoover administration. c. shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people. d. work projects established by the Hoover administration to revitalize the economy. e. government relocation camps for indigent workers.

c. shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people.

An important result of the 1936 presidential campaign was the a. move of intellectuals to Alf Landon and the Republican ticket b. decline in support for the New Deal c. shift of African American voters from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party d. landslide win by Republicans in the Congress e. emergence of a viable third party

c. shift of African American voters from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party

The cartoon above was intended primarily as a satirical comment on a. Lochner v. New York b. Social Darwinism c. the Scopes trial d. the election of 1896 e. the Ku Klux Klan

c. the Scopes trial

The economy described in the speech is most siimilar to the econmy in which of the following decades? a. 1950s b. 1910s c. 1960s d. 1930s

d. 1930s

Harry L. Hopkins a. Louisiana governor, later U.S. senator, whose anti-New Deal "Share Our Wealth" program promised to make "Every Man a King." Long was gunned down in 1935. b. A retired physician who had lost his savings in the Great Depression and promoted a plan, popular with senior citizens, to pay every person over sixty years old $200 a month, provided that the money was spent within the month. One estimate had the scheme costing one-half of the national income. c. A Catholic priest from Michigan who goaded 40 million radio listeners with his weekly anti-New Deal harangues. He was a well-known opponent of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies. d. A former New York social worker, Hopkins came to be one of the major architects of the New Deal, heading up the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Works Progress Administration and serving as a personal confidant to President Roosevelt.

d. A former New York social worker, Hopkins came to be one of the major architects of the New Deal, heading up the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Works Progress Administration and serving as a personal confidant to President Roosevelt.

Alfred E. ("Al") Smith a. His Catholicism and "wet" stance on prohibition made him a controversial figure, even in the traditionally loyal Democratic South. b. Although Smith lost the electoral vote to a Hoover landslide, his appeal to urban voters foreshadowed the northern urban and southern coalition that would gain Franklin Roosevelt the White House in 1932. c. Colorful New York governor who was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for president in 1928. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct.

Calvin Coolidge a. Vice president "Silent Cal" Coolidge became thirtieth president of the United States when Warren G. Harding died in office. b. He served during the boom years from 1923 to 1929. c. A friend of business over labor. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct.

Fundamentalism a. It was especially strong in the Baptist Church and the Church of Christ, first organized in 1906. b. It opposed religious modernism. which sought to reconcile religion and science. c. A Protestant Christian movement emphasizing the literal truth of the Bible. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct.

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 a. Its major thrusts were to reverse the policy of forced assimilation that flowed from the 1887 Dawes Severalty Act. b. It restored tribal autonomy, and promote the economic well-being of reservations. c. Also known as the "Indian New Deal" and the Wheeler-Howard Act. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct.

criminal syndicalism laws (Identify the historical significance) a. Passed by many states during the red scare. b. These nefarious laws outlawed the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change. c. Stump speakers for the International Workers of the World, or IWW, were special targets. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct.

Keynesianism (Identify the historical significance) a. Specialists in law, economics, and welfare, many of them young university professors, who advised President Franklin D. Roosevelt and helped develop the policies of the New Deal. b. None of the choices are correct. c. A flagship accomplishment of the New Deal, this law provided for unemployment and old-age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees. It has long remained a pillar of the "New Deal Order." d. An economic theory based on the thoughts of British economist John Maynard Keynes, holding that central banks should adjust interest rates and governments should use deficit spending and tax policies to increase purchasing power and hence prosperity.

d. An economic theory based on the thoughts of British economist John Maynard Keynes, holding that central banks should adjust interest rates and governments should use deficit spending and tax policies to increase purchasing power and hence prosperity.

The photo above most likely shows the work of which of the following New Deal agencies? a. National Recovery Administration b. Social Security Administration c. Farm Security Administration d. Civilian Conservation Corps e. National Labor Relations Board

d. Civilian Conservation Corps

How did the Great Depression affect domestic life in America? a. Men took on multiple jobs. b. Women found work outside the home. c. Divorce rates increased. d. Women had fewer babies. e. Children stopped going to school.

d. Women had fewer babies.

An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was a. withdrawal of foreign investments from the United States. b. the implementation of free-trade policies after the First World War. c. the budget deficit incurred after the First World War. d. overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors. e. excessive government control of business and industry.

d. overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors.

William Faulkner a. Novelist and author of The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms. Former newspaper correspondent and wartime ambulance driver, he became an international celebrity for his searing war novels, clipped prose, and personal exploits. b. Minnesota-born and Princeton-educated novelist who captured the glamour and spiritual emptiness of the 1920s jazz age in novels such as This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby. c. Harvard-educated poet who became one of the twentieth century's most influential practitioners of "high modernism." His poetic masterpieces included The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Waste Land. d. Mississippi novelist who explored the South's collective memory of racism and conservatism in his fictional chronicle of "Yoknapatawpha" County. His many modernist novels inspired a twentieth-century southern literary renaissance.

d. Mississippi novelist who explored the South's collective memory of racism and conservatism in his fictional chronicle of "Yoknapatawpha" County. His many modernist novels inspired a twentieth-century southern literary renaissance.

Robert F. Wagner a. The Social Security Act of 1935 was popularly known as the Wagner Act in honor of the senator. b. He also played a major role in the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1933 and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1937. c. A Republican senator from New York from 1927 to 1949, Wagner was responsible for the passage of some of the most important legislation enacted through the New Deal. d. None of the choices are correct.

d. None of the choices are correct.

Democratic Party support by a new coalition of workers and African Americans during the 1930s was most similar to that of a. Socialist Party support following the First World War. b. Whig Party support following the Mexican-American War. c. Populist Party support following the Spanish-American War. d. Republican Party support following the Civil War.

d. Republican Party support following the Civil War.

In the first years of the 1920s, the Supreme Court did all of the following except: a. Reversed its reasoning from previous cases b. Restricted government intervention in the economy c. Decided against a minimum wage for women d. Ruled in favor of labor unions e. Killed a federal child-labor law

d. Ruled in favor of labor unions

Which of the following was a result of the Washington Conference of 1921—1922? a. None of the choices are correct. b. The Japanese pledged to scale down their navy. c. The United States signed a Four-Power Treaty with France, Britain, and Russia. d. The British and Americans agreed to refrain from fortifying their Far East possessions. e. The United States recognized the government of Bolshevik Russia.

d. The British and Americans agreed to refrain from fortifying their Far East possessions.

Where did the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s gain its greatest political strength? a. New England and the Middle Atlantic states b. The Southwest and the Pacific Northwest c. The Appalachian and Ozark Mountain regions d. The Midwest and the South e. The cities of the Rocky Mountain West

d. The Midwest and the South

What was the outcome of Franklin Roosevelt's court-packing plan? a. Roosevelt was able to appoint nine new justices. b. An outraged public demanded Roosevelt's impeachment. c. Congress endorsed the plan. d. The Supreme Court became markedly more friendly to New Deal reforms. e. Liberal Justice Owen J. Roberts began voting much more conservatively.

d. The Supreme Court became markedly more friendly to New Deal reforms.

The development depicted in the excerpt (For Summer Sport) had most in common with which of the following earlier developments? a. The passage of land reforms during the Civil War b. The efforts to mobilize popular support for the First World War c. The enactment of moral reform legislation during the Progressive Era d. The expansion of the telegraph system during the Gilded Age

d. The expansion of the telegraph system during the Gilded Age

Hawley-Smoot Tariff a. A tawdry affair involving the illegal lease of priceless naval oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California. The scandal, which implicated President Harding's secretary of the interior, was one of several that gave his administration a reputation for corruption. b. The smallest protective tariff in the peacetime history of the United States, passed as a result of good old-fashioned horse trading. To the outside world, it smacked of ugly economic warfare. c. None of the choices are correct. d. The highest protective tariff in the peacetime history of the United States, passed as a result of good old-fashioned horse trading. To the outside world, it smacked of ugly economic warfare.

d. The highest protective tariff in the peacetime history of the United States, passed as a result of good old-fashioned horse trading. To the outside world, it smacked of ugly economic warfare.

The excerpt (life in Harlem) best reflects which of the following developments by the 1920s? a. The decline in racial violence against African Americans b. The growing similarity of rural and urban African American culture c. The rise of African American civil rights advocacy organizations in the North d. The movement of African Americans during the Great Migration

d. The movement of African Americans during the Great Migration

Eleanor Roosevelt became a strong political asset to Franklin Roosevelt by advocating on behalf of which of the following? a. The environment b. Native American tribes c. The elderly d. The poor and minorities e. A planned economy

d. The poor and minorities

Which of the following issues did farmers face during the 1920s? a. They could not keep up with wartime demand. b. None of these are correct. c. They could afford only small plots of land. d. The use of tractors resulted in an increase of debt. e. The cost of wheat shot up, preventing consumers from buying it.

d. The use of tractors resulted in an increase of debt.

What was the motivation behind Franklin Roosevelt's court-packing plan? a. To ensure that at least half of the Court was represented by ultraconservative judges b. To remove all of the Court justices whom he had appointed c. To increase the maximum membership of the Court d. To overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms e. To increase the checks and balances between the judicial and executive branches

d. To overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms

Which of the following best explains a context for the development depicted in the excerpt (life in Harlem)? a. African American painters created works to advocate against fascist ideologies. b. African American sharecropping led to the creation of a new southern regional identity. c. Market instability caused African Americans to seek work as writers. d. Urban centers provided African Americans with opportunities for artistic expression.

d. Urban centers provided African Americans with opportunities for artistic expression.

All of the following were true of the advent of mass advertising in the 1920s except: a. Advertisers sought to make Americans chronically discontented with their paltry possessions and want more. b. Advertiser Bruce Barton published a best seller, The Man Nobody Knows, setting forth the provocative thesis that Jesus Christ was the greatest adman of all time. c. Producers began to look for ways to create mass markets for their mass-produced goods. d. Advertisers employed persuasion and ploy, seduction and sexual suggestion. e. Sports was the one business which lagged behind the rest of the consumer economy of the 1920s.

e. Sports was the one business which lagged behind the rest of the consumer economy of the 1920s.

Which statement accurately describes the American economy during 1930s? a. The New Deal closed the gap between production and consumption in the American economy. b. The states regained influence over the economy. c. Business people eventually came to admire President Roosevelt's New Deal programs. d. The Great Depression forced President Roosevelt to trim the size of the federal bureaucracy. e. The national debt doubled.

e. The national debt doubled.

Which of the following is true of women in the 1920s? a. A majority of women attended college. b. The number of women in the medical and legal professions increased. c. Most women supported the Equal Rights Amendment. d. Flappers became role models for women of all social strata. e. Women's political activism declined despite their gain of the right to vote.

e. Women's political activism declined despite their gain of the right to vote.

During the 1930's, the Great Depression led to a. the strengthening of the family unit and a higher birth rate b. a decline in highway construction c. a decrease in labor union membership d. the nationalization of major industries e. a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work

e. a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work

Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, and James Weldon Johnson were all similar in that they a. followed a style of painting called Cubism b. protested United States involvement in the Vietnam War c. organized labor unions during the Gilded Age d. were persecuted by Senator Joseph McCarthy e. contributed to the Harlem Renaissance

e. contributed to the Harlem Renaissance

American writers of the 1920's have often been called the "lost generation" because they a. failed to achieve fame in their lifetimes b. preferred to write for a European rather than an American audience c. were politically radical in a conservative era d. found it difficult to get their work published e. were disillusioned with the course of American life

e. were disillusioned with the course of American life