Chapter 31

The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from

land taxes

Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights EXCEPT

women's right to sue for divorce.

By 1913, all of the following provinces gained either independence or autonomy from Ottoman control EXCEPT

Anatolia

The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because

Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman empire

What did Mahmud do for the ottoman empire?

Created a program remodeled Ottoman institutions along western European lines.

What education reforms did Mahmud create?

He created a secondary education for boys to facilitate the translation from mosque schools.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842?

Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan

The most significant achievement of Sultan Mahmud II was the...

creation of a modern army

The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that

held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes.

The British insistaed on their right to trade opium with China because

it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit.

The Taiping rebellion was defeated when

Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers.

How did the reform of the Ottoman occur?

Reform efforts began as early as the seventeenth century when sultans sought to limit taxation, increase agricultural production and end official corruption.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Meiji constitution?

The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet.

Describe the decline of the Ottoman empire

There was territorial losses, military decline that included suffering humiliating losses and economic difficulties.

What was the Crimean War?

Was a conflict in Russia, lost to a alliance with the french and united kingdom.

How was Abdul Hamid the second installed as sultan?

a group of radical dissidents from the ottoman bureaucracy seized power in a coup and formed a cabinet that included partisans of reform.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because they

discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers.

In China, a "sphere of influence" was a

district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights.

The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because

the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry.

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of

the emperor and his court