Chapter 34

Radiation-induced leukemia has a latent period of _____ years.

4-7

The theory of radiation hormesis suggests that radiation doses below 0.1 mGy are _____.

Beneficial

People who were employed painting radium watch dials later showed excess risk for _____ cancer.

Bone

Our information on the genetic effects of radiation has come from studies of _____.

Both A and B (Mice and Fruit flies)

_____ is a stochastic effect of radiation exposure.

Cancer

Low doses of radiation have been shown to cause _____.

Chromsome damage

Data showing radiation-induced human genetic abnormalities _____.

Does not exist

The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy for radiation induced congenital abnormalities is during the _____.

First trimester

It is difficult to link cancer to radiation exposure because it occurs _____ in the population.

In high proportion

Ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with radiation showed an increased incidence of _____.

Leukemia

An epidemiological study of the stochastic effects of very low doses of radiation requires a population of _____ of people.

Millions

Chronic low doses of radiation have _____ effect on fertility.

No

Relative risk is _____.

Observed cases/expected cases

A study of an irradiated population which showed a relative risk factor below 1.0 would indicate that the population had a _____ risk.

Reduced

A _____ effect increases in incidence but not severity as the dose increases.

Stochastic

Radiation protection guidelines are based on _____.

Stochastic effects of radiation

People who had radiation treatments to their thymus gland as children later showed excess risk for _____.

Thyroid cancer

Radiation induced skin cancer in radiotherapy patients has occurred with _____.

a threshold dose-response

Studies of A-bomb survivors indicate that leukemia has a _____ dose-response relationship to radiation.

linear- nonthreshold