Chapter 37

Which of the following defines a​ multiple-casualty incident? A. A situation that places excessive demands on personnel and equipment B. The requirement for two or more ambulances C. Three or more critically injured patients D. A situation that requires extensive rescue efforts

A. A situation that places excessive demands on personnel and equipment

Which of the following hazmat training levels requires at least eight hours of​ training?

Hazmat Operations

In which type of incident would unified command be MOST​ appropriate?

Involvement of different branches of public safety

Which warning placard is​ diamond-shaped and divided into four smaller​ diamonds?

NFPA 704 system

what 2 federal agencies developed the hazmat regulations

OSHA and the EPA

Using START triage​ guidelines, a patient on the scene of a​ mass-causality incident who is not breathing​ initially, but begins breathing when the airway is​ open, is deemed a​ ________ patient.

Priority 1

What sector officers or supervisors is responsible for directing available ambulances to the treatment​ sector?

Staging

unified command

command organization in which several agencies work independently but cooperatively

5 ICS components

command, operations, logistics, planning, and finance

if an incident has occurred at an industrial site or along the railway, who needs to be notified?

company experts in hazardous materials

once assigned a specific task the EMT should

complete the task and report back to the area supervisor

field decontaminated patients are not

completely "clean"

hazard classification system class 9

miscellaneous dangerous goods

first responder operations

those who initially respond to hazmat incidents to protect people, property, and environment. they stay a safe distance, keep the incident from spreading, and protect others from exposure.

hazard classification system class 6

toxic materials and infectious substances

priority 1

treatable life threatening illnesses or injuries (airway issues, severe bleeding, altered mental status, shock, burns)

EMS personnel need to wear

tyvek coveralls and booties and may also need to wear a double layer of gloves

freelancing

uncoordinated or undirected activity at the scene

in most communities which type of command is best to manage resources

unified command

4 types of patients likely to be encountered by EMTs

uninjured and not contaminated injured and not contaminated uninjured and contaminated injured and contaminated

What are desirable characteristics of the​ "safe or cold​ zone" in a hazardous materials​ incident?

upwind on the same level as the spill

disaster plan should be what 4 things

written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location, well publicized, realistic, rehearsed

EMS operations generally include the Mobile command center and what other six​ areas?

​Extrication, Staging,​ Triage, Treatment,​ Transportation, and Rehabilitation

minimum training hours for hazmat specialist

24 additional hours of training

minimum training hours for hazmat technician

24 hours

minimum training hours for first responder operations

8 hours

how many hazmat shipments occur daily

800,000

What is required on the exterior of a tanker truck that is carrying hazardous​ cargo?

A DOT hazard placard

2 companies you can call 24 hours for hazmat info

CHEMTREC and CHEM-TEL

Which of the following is a function of the rehabilitation sector in a hazardous materials​ incident? A. Performing medical assessment of rescue crews B. Taking baseline vital signs before rescuers enter the operations area C. Providing for hydration of rescue crews D. All of the above

D. all of the above

In addition to​ OSHA, which agency develops regulations governing the response to hazardous materials​ incidents?

EPA

What is the highest level of training for hazmat incidents under OSHA​ regulations?

Hazardous Materials Specialist

When grossly decontaminating a patient who is not wearing personal protective equipment in a hazardous materials​ incident, which of the following techniques should be​ used?

Taking a​ low-pressure decontamination shower

What personal protective items must be used by EMS personnel caring for patients in a hazardous materials​ emergency?

Tyvek or other chemical impermeable coveralls

Disaster plans are a predefined set of instructions that should be written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location and which other three​ parts?

Well​ publicized, realistic, and rehearsed

after taking off their clothes what is the next step of decontamination

a 2-5 minute water rinse

when faced with more than one patient your goal must be

afford the greatest number of patients the greatest chance of survival

warm zone

an area where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support take place; it includes control points for the access corridor and thus assists in reducing the spread of contamination

multiple casualty incident

any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients

hazardous material

any substance or material in a form that poses and unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce or kept in storage at a warehouse, port, depot, or railroad facility

hot zone

area immediately surrounding a hazmat incident; extends far enough to prevent adverse effects outside the zone

triage area

area where secondary triage takes place at a multiple casualty incident

cold zone

area where the incident command post and support functions are located

decontamination

chemical and/or physical process that reduces or prevents the spread of contamination from persons or equipment; the removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude foreseeable health effects

triage tag

color coded tag indicating the priority group in which a patient has been assigned

single incident command

command organization in which a single agency controls all resources and operations

secondary contamination

contaminated person makes contact with someone who previously was "clean"

hazard classification system class 8

corrosive materials

When informing someone of the death of a loved one due to a​ multiple-casualty incident, you should use the​ term:

dead

As it pertains to hazardous​ materials, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires employers​ to:

document the appropriate level of training for each employee.

You are directed to establish a rehab area at a hazmat incident. You know that this area must​ be:

easily accessible to EMS

mechanisms of decontamination

emulsification (surfactant, soap, or detergent) chemical reaction (not recommended) disinfection dilution absorption and adsorption (ex water soaking into sponge) removal (water pressure, vaccuum) disposal -aseptic removal from host

hazardous material specialist

expected to have advanced knowledge and skills and to command and support activities at the incident site.

hazard classification system class 1

explosives

where are hazmat incidents likely to occur

factories, railroads, and on highways

What does the red area represent on then NFPA 704 placard?

fire hazard

who does initial scene size up, starts triage, and calls for backup

first command and the crew

command

first on the scene to establish order and initiate the Incident Command System

Soraya is an EMT who volunteers for a local fire department. On the scene of a hazardous materials​ incident, she helps prevent the incident from becoming larger and ensures bystanders remain safe.​ Soraya's level of hazardous materials training is at the​ ________ level.

first responder operations

hazard classification system class 3

flammable liquids and combustible liquids

hazard classification system class 4

flammable solids; spontaneously combustible materials; and dangerous when wet materials

who causes most line of duty injuries and line of duty deaths

freelancers

hazard classification system class 2

gases

Andrea is an EMS supervisor with a combined​ EMS/Fire department. On the scene of a hazardous materials​ incident, she uses her knowledge of hazardous materials to support the activities of other responders and manage the scene.​ Andrea's level of hazardous materials training is at the​ ________ level.

hazardous material specialist

What does the blue area represent on then NFPA 704 placard?

health hazard

Which of the following is NOT a warning sign or physical symptom of​ stress?

increased salivation

warning is used for

less severe hazards

first responder awareness

likely to witness or discover a hazmat release. only trained to recognize the problem and initiate a response from the proper organization. no minimum training hours

characteristics of the rehab area

located in cold zone protected from weather large enough to accommodate multiple rescue crews easily accessible to EMS units free from exhaust fumes allows rapid entry into the emergency operation

surge capacity

measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients. it is dependent on a well-functioning incident management system and the variables of space, supplies, staff, and any special considerations

EMS operations functions

mobile command center extrication staging area triage area treatment area transportation area rehabilitation area

danger is used for

more severe hazards

most common MCI

motor vehicle collision with 3 or more patients

if heart rate is over 100 in a hazmat worker or temperature is elevated they require

ongoing reassessments in the rehab area until their vitals return to normal

under single incident command, what branch does EMS fall under

operations

hazard classification system class 5

oxidizers and organic peroxides

transportation supervisor

person responsible for communicating with sector officers and hospitals to manage transportation of patients to hospitals from a multiple casualty incident

staging supervisor

person responsible for overseeing ambulances and ambulance personnel at a multiple casualty incident

treatment supervisor

person responsible for overseeing treatment of patients who have been triaged at a multiple casualty incident

triage supervisor

person responsible for overseeing triage at a multiple casualty incident

Incident Command

person who assumes overall direction of a large scale incident

dripping patients mean you need to do what during transport

place the patient in a disposable decontamination pool or cover the inside of the ambulance with plastic

disaster plan

predefined set of instructions for a community's emergency responders

hazard classification system class 7

radioactive materials

What does the yellow area represent on then NFPA 704 placard?

reactivity

EMT responsibility at a hazmat incident

recognizing that hazmat condition exists, calling appropriate resources, controlling the scene, and identifying the substance

secondary decontamination

removal of most of the residual product contamination

gross decontamination

removal or chemical alteration of the majority of the contaminant

patients wearing contact lense should

remove them

hazardous material technician

rescuers who actually plug, patch, or stop the hazmat release.

An area near a hazardous materials incident that is on the same level as the​ incident, but​ upwind, is a good location​ for:

safe zone

What does the white area represent on then NFPA 704 placard?

specific hazard

incident command system

subset of the national incident management system (NIMS) designed specifically for management of multiple casualty incidents

what is on the MSDS

substances, physical properties, fire and explosion hazard info, health hazard info, and emergency first aid treatment

EMS must remain in the cold zone unless they are trained at what level

technician

treatment area

the area in which patients are treated at a multiple casualty incident

open wounds should be irrigated starting from

the area nearest to the body core and working outward

staging area

the area where ambulances are parked and other resources are held until needed

national incident management system (NIMS)

the management system used by federal, state, and local governments to manage emergencies in the United States

triage

the process of quickly assessing patients at a multiple casualty incident and assigning each a priority for receiving treatment. comes from the french word "to sort"