Chapter 37: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function Study Questions
A characteristic feature of fibromyalgia is: A) trigger point pain. B) headache. C) permanent shortening of muscles. D) muscle atrophy.
A)
Ankylosing spondylitis results in: A) vertebral joint fusion. B) instability of synovial joints. C) costal cartilage degeneration. D) temporomandibular joint degeneration.
A)
Factors contributing to the development of osteoporosis in older women include: A) decreased estrogen levels. B) increased androgen levels. C) excessive dietary calcium. D) strenuous exercise.
A)
Risk factors for osteoarthritis include all of the following except: A) low calcium intake. B) older age. C) obesity. D) orthopedic injury.
A)
Synovial joint problems in rheumatoid arthritis are due to which of the following pathologies? A) Articular cartilage is lost through enzymatic breakdown. B) Free radicals attach to the synovial membrane and articular cartilage. C) Neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines cause damage to articular cartilage. D) Cysts develop in the subchondral bone and create fissures in the articular cartilage.
A)
The component(s) of the bone matrix that gives bone compressive strength is (are): A) collagen. B) glycoproteins. C) the periosteum. D) hydroxyapatite.
A)
The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces partially lose contact with each other is called: A) subluxation. B) subjugation. C) sublimation. D) dislocation.
A)
Which of the following diseases is characterized by osteomalacia in the growing bones of children? A) Rickets B) Osteosarcoma C) Paget disease D) Rhabdomyoma
A)
Which of the following disorders presents with significant bone demineralization from a vitamin D deficiency and usually results in skeletal pain? A) Osteomalacia B) Osteopenia C) Osteomyelitis D) Osteoporosis
A)
Pain and inflammation associated with gout are caused by crystallization of _____ in the tissues. A) amino acid B) uric acid C) ketones D) hyaluronic acid
B)
Severe muscle trauma from crush injuries can result in which of the following complications? A) Myotonia B) Rhabdomyolysis C) Myocarditis D) Fibromyalgia
B)
Spongy (cancellous) bone is found in which of the following locations? A) Diaphysis of long bones B) Epiphysis of long bones C) Cortical bone areas D) All of the above
B)
The primary manifestation of osteoarthritis is: A) joint fusion. B) joint pain. C) hypermobility of joints. D) contractures.
B)
Which cells have the capability of dissolving bone tissue and releasing the stored calcium into the bloodstream? A) Osteoblasts B) Osteoclasts C) Osteocytes D) Osteoids
B)
Which structure is the contractile subunit of the myofibril in a skeletal muscle cell? A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum B) Sarcomere C) Myosin D) Motor end plate
B)
A tear in a tendon is commonly known as a: A) fracture. B) sprain. C) strain. D) subluxation.
C)
An avulsion occurs when: A) the synovial capsule is torn. B) the body of a ligament is torn. C) a tendon is torn off its bony attachment. D) a tendon becomes inflamed.
C)
Pain in fibromyalgia is attributed to: A) inflammation. B) autoimmune destruction of muscle tissue. C) decrease in pain tolerance. D) increased levels of peripheral neurotransmitters.
C)
Rhabdomyolysis can result in failure of which of the following organs? A) Liver B) Lungs C) Kidneys D) Pancreas
C)
Rheumatoid arthritis results from joint inflammation caused by: A) bacterial infection. B) trauma. C) autoimmune injury. D) congenital hypermobility.
C)
The chief pathologic feature of degenerative joint disease is: A) stress fractures of the epiphysis. B) loss of synovial fluid. C) degeneration of articular cartilage. D) thinning of the joint capsule.
C)
The main energy source or fuel for skeletal muscle contraction is: A) calcium. B) albumin. C) ATP. D) actin.
C)
Which of the following disorders in characterized by enlargement and softening of the bones? A) Osteomyelitis B) Osteoporosis C) Paget disease D) Rickets
C)
Which of the following musculoskeletal tumors usually forms in the bone marrow? A) Rhabdosarcoma B) Liposarcoma C) Osteosarcoma D) Chondrosarcoma
C)
In addition to joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis often manifests with which of the following systemic symptoms? A) Fever B) Malaise C) Lymphadenopathy D) All of the above
D)
Individuals with gout are 1000 times more likely to develop which of the following problems? A) Coronary artery disease B) Osteoarthritis C) Contractures D) Renal stones
D)
Patients with osteoporosis are at risk for which of the following problems? A) Rhabdomyolysis B) Osteomyelitis C) Osteomalacia D) Pathologic bone fractures
D)
The cause of most cases of endogenous osteomyelitis is (are): A) fungal skin infection. B) viral pneumonia. C) parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract. D) blood-borne bacteria.
D)
The epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium in the body of a skeletal muscle are made of: A) thin sheets of cartilage. B) simple epithelial tissue. C) stratified epithelial tissue. D) fascia.
D)
The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves: A) increased osteoclast activity. B) collagen breakdown in the bone matrix. C) crowding of cells in the osteoid. D) abnormal calcium crystallization.
D)
Which of the following ions is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate a muscle contraction? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Magnesium D) Calcium
D)