Chapter 4
Match the symbols correctly to describe the uneven charge distribution in any polar covalent bond
+ = marks the atom with the lower electronegativity - = marks the atom with the higher electronegativity
Which of the following options correctly relate the number of outer electron groups in a molecule to its observed shape
--- A linear shape is observed for a molecule with two bonding electron groups and no lone pairs --- A molecule with two bonding and two nonbonding electron pairs will be bent
Which of the following options correctly interpret the information given? Molar mass of NO2 = 46.0 g/mol ; atomic mass of nitrogen 14.0 = g; atomic mass of oxygen = 16.0 g
--- There are 14.0g of nitrogen in every 46.0g of NO>2 --- The percentage oxygen in NO>2 is equal to 32.0/46.0 X100 --- The mass ratio of nitrogen is NO>2 is equal to .304
Which of the following elements will form a cation?
1. Ca 2. Rb
Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are correct
1. CaO 2. Ca3N2
Which of the following options describe the correct format used to represent a chemical compound?
1. In the formula of an ionic compound the cation is always placed first 2. the number of atoms/ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript
Which of the following statements correctly describes isotopes?
1. Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons 2. each element's atomic mass is a weighted average of the masses of the elements' isotopes
Which of the following ion combinations will result in an ionic compound that has a balanced number of positive and negative charges
1. Na+ and Br 2. Ca2+ and 2 F 3. 2 Li and S2-
Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are written correctly?
1. NaNO3 2. MG3 (PO4)3 3. CaCO3
Which of the following correctly describes how Roman numerals are used in naming and writing chemical formulas?
1. The ion designated Fe (III) has a charge of +3 2. A roman numeral is included for any metal that can form more than one monatomic cation
An atom may lose or gain electrons to form an ion. Match each description of ions and their charges correctly
1. anion 2. cation 3.negative 4.postive
Which of the following release CO2 into the atmosphere
1. combustion 2. decomposition 3. respiration
Correctly order the steps required to determine the shape of a molecule, starting with the first step at the top of the list
1. determine the number of outer electrons associated with each atom in the molecule 2. arrange the outer electrons in pairs, ensuring that all atoms other than hydrogen obey the octet rule 3. count the groups of outer electron pairs to predict the shape
Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
1. methane 2. CO2 3. H2O
Rank the following countries in order of increasing ecological footprint . Start with the country that has the lowest ecological footprint at the top of the list.
1. mexico 2. china 3. france 4. US
Which of the following statements correctly describes the mole?
1. one mole of any substance contains 6.02 X 10 23 particles 2. the number of particles in a mole is called Avogadro's number
which of the following options are correct systematic names for ionic compounds?
1. potassium chloride 2. copper(II) Oxide
Which of the following describe the purpose of the Kyoto protocol
1. set targets for reduced greenhouse gases emissions for participating countries 2. to set legally binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions
Which of the following options correctly describe the isotope Cr-53, if the element Cr has an atomic number of 24?
1. the element contains 24 protons in its nucleus 2. this isotope contains 29 neutrons in its nucleus
Which of the following statements correctly describe molar mass
1. the periodic table can be used to calculate the molar mass of any substance 2. the molar mass of oxygen is 16.00 g. this means that 1 mole of oxygen atoms has a mass of 16.00 g 3. the molar mass of a molecular substance is the mass per mole of its molecules
Which of the following options correctly describe the electron group and geometry of the molecule shown?
1. this molecule is trigonal pyramidal in shape 2. there are 4 electron groups around the central P atom
The isotope Mg-25 has what protons and what neutrons in its nucleus. Mg has an atomic number of 12
12 and 13
How much sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be produced by the combustion of 21 tons of sulfur (S)
21 tons X 64.0 _______ = 42 tons 32.0
Match the number of outer electron groups correctly to the molecular shape observed
4 bonding pairs - tetrahedral 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair - trigonal pyramidal 2 bonding pairs - linear 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs - bent 3 bonding pairs - trigonal planar
Match each compound correctly to its molar mass.
CCl>4 -------- 154.0 G PF>3 --------- 88.0 G SO>2 ---------- 64.0 G
Which of the following have the greatest effect on global warming
CO2 emissions atmospheric CH4
Match each type of radiation to the effect it has on a molecule
IR radiation --- Causes the molecule to vibrate UV radiation --- Breaks bonds, causing the molecule to dissociate Microwave --- Causes the molecule to spin faster
Match each element in the compound NH3 to its correct mass ratio and mass percentage
Mass ratio of N= .824 Mass percent of N= 82.4 Mass ratio of H= .176 Mass percent of H= 17.6
Match each of the following polyatomic ions with its correct names
OH- hydroxide NO2- nitrite NO3- nitrate PO 3 4- phosphate SO 2 4- sulfate SO 2 3- sulfite
Match each of the following polyatomic ions with its correct name
acetate- C2H2O2 bicarbonate- HCO3 carbonate - CO23 hypochlorite- CIO ammonium - NH4
The proportion of incoming radiation that is reflected by a surface is called the what. This quantity is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface
albedo
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same what number but a different number. This is because isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of
atomic, mass, neutrons
For any element, the atomic mass recorded on the periodic table is not a whole number since it is a what of the masses of its naturally occurring isotopes
average
Match each type of electron pair to the correct designation
b - bonding electron pair a - lone pair
One system used in the US to encourage reduction in CO2 emissions is the what and what system, which sets an upper limit for CO2 emissions for the year for a given company. A company may purchase extra allowance from a company that is under its limit for the year
cap and trade
The atomic mass of an element is the mass in grams of the same number of atoms found in exactly 12g of what -12
carbon
The most abundant isotope of what is the internationally accepted standard for determining atomic mass
carbon
When naming an ionic compound, the what is always named first. To name the anion, the root of the nonmetal name is added to the suffix
cation & -ide
The most important greenhouse has on earth is carbon
dioxide
An estimated of the biologically productive space necessary to support a particular standard of living is called a
ecological footprint
The process by which atmospheric gases trap and return more than 80% of the heat energy radiated by earth is called the what greenhouse effect, resulting in an increase in average global temperatures
enhanced
Fuels formed by natural processes such as the decomposition of prehistoric organisms are called what fuels
fossils
Greenhouse gases have a what effect on global warming than other anthropogenic forcings
greater
Any gas that can absorb what radiation can act as a greenhouse gas
infrared
In a what compound electrons are transferred from one atom or group of atoms to another. Conversely, in a what compound electrons are shared
ionic & covalent
Nonbonding electron pairs are also referred to as what pairs
lone
In the formation of ionic compounds a metal will what electrons and a nonmetal will what electrons to form an ion with the same number electrons as the nearest what gas
lose, gain, noble
The molar mass of any substance is the mass of 1 what of the particles of that substance
mole
Match each representation of sulfur dioxide to the correct description
molecular formula- c lewis structure- b space-filling model- a
Consider the balanced equation 2HZ+O2-->2H20. The coefficients corresponds to the number of particles of each substance involved in the reaction, which is proportional to the what of each substance
number of moles
The chemistry of carbon-based compounds is called what chemistry
organic
the most stable molecular arrangement is the one in which the what electron groups are as far as possible, to minimize electron-electron what
outer & repulsion
A unit that contains two or more elements covalently bonded together but that has an overall charge is called a what ion. Many what compounds contain such units
polyatomic & ionic
The process whereby a solid forms and separates from solution is called
precipitation
What is the correct systematic name for the compound Na2CO3?
sodium carbonate
Match each component of a solution with the correct description
solvent 1. the majority component of the solution solute 2. the minority component of the solution
The most common strategies currently being developed to reduce levels of atmospheric CO2 generally focuses on
technologies and fuels that produce less atmospheric CO>2
The molecule shown has a what shape
tetrahedral
Match each molecular shape correctly to its associated bond angle
tetrahedral- 109.5 trigonal planar- 120 linear- 180 trigonal pyramidal- less than 109.5
Organic chemistry is
the study and production of carbon containing compounds
Which of the following correctly reflects Avogadro's number
there are 6.02 X 10 23 atoms in 12g of carbon -12
Electronegativity generally increases what on the periodic table, excluding noble gases
up and to the right
Contrast weather and climate by matching each term to the correct definition
weather- describe events of relatively short duration, including daily high and low temperatures climate- describes regional events recorded over longer periods
