Chapter 4: Attitudes, Values, and Ethics

Level 1, 2, 3: Ken is a very religious person, and his religion bans the use of birth control. For that reason, Ken and his wife simply stopped having sex when they didn't want to have any more children. Vincent has done a lot of thinking about justice and civil rights, and he believes that all people deserve an equal chance to have similar jobs that pay the same amount of money regardless of anything besides the work being done. As a result, Vincent hires a diverse workforce, and all of the people on that workforce receive the same amount of money for doing the same kind of work. Carl wants to know when he will receive his next raise. He tries to do those things that will bring him rewards at work.

2 3 1

Which of the following experiences would cause an electrician to dislike a particular brand of wiring most strongly? Hearing about problems with the wiring from fellow electricians Getting shocked while working on that brand of wiring Learning about the dangers of that brand of wiring in an electrical contracting class Reading an article in Electrical Contractor magazine about the dangers of working with that brand of wiring

Getting shocked while working on that brand of wiring

You just started managing a team of software engineers. You want your direct reports to be as productive as possible. What is the one thing you can do to make that happen? Give your employees regular promotion opportunities. Give your employees rewards that they value, and base those rewards on performance. Ask your employees for ideas about ways they can do their jobs better. Make sure your employees are satisfied with all parts of their jobs.

Give your employees rewards that they value, and base those rewards on performance.

Which of the following dimensions of the job are related to job satisfaction? Check all that apply. Valued rewards Competent supervision Supportive coworkers Challenging work

Valued rewards Competent supervision Supportive coworkers Challenging work

Amara is taking cooking lessons, but unfortunately, she doesn't like her cooking coach very much. As a result, Amara isn't coming to class as often as she should, and last week, she told her best friend that she doesn't think that the cooking coach has ever cooked professionally. This statement describes Amara's ___________

attitude

Why are ethical dilemmas so prevalent in business? a. Few employees are aware of their own values. b. Unethical decision making rarely affects company finances. c. Most companies are apathetic about the ethics involved in decision making. d. Since few ethical issues are clear-cut, they require individual interpretation.

d. Since few ethical issues are clear-cut, they require individual interpretation.

In which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development are most adults classified? a. Stage 1, where people obey rules to avoid punishment. b. Stage 5, where people make decisions based on principles of justice and rights. c. Stage 6, where people follow self-selected ethical principles. d. Stage 4, where people try to live up to the laws and norms of society.

d. Stage 4, where people try to live up to the laws and norms of society.

Attitudes are best defined as a. enduring feeling states with no clear cause. b. actions consistent with one's own values and those of the organization and society. c. mental states that include feelings, psychological changes, and the inclination to act. d. psychological tendencies expressed by evaluating something with a degree of favor or disfavor.

d. psychological tendencies expressed by evaluating something with a degree of favor or disfavor.

A target uses the peripheral route to persuasion when a. a great deal of persuasion is needed. b. only quality arguments will change her attitude. c. the information must be carefully processed. d. she is distracted.

d. she is distracted.

If an employee has a ____________job over which she has ________ control, she is likely to have a negative attitude toward work.

demanding; no

Last week, Thom found a memo on his desk from his manager. The memo told Thom that he had done great work on his last project, and that his manager hoped Thom would spend more time on similar projects in the future. In this situation, the memo was the ______ of a persuasive event.

message

Truong Thi was just told that she will be responsible for setting up this year's United Way drive at her office. Truong Thi was angry—she doesn't believe in asking employees for charitable donations. Truong Thi is experiencing ______ emotions, and if she keeps feeling this way, she is likely to be ______ effective at work.

negative; less

Last week, Randy did something wrong. He stole a computer from his company, and then he lied about his actions to his manager. Randy's _______ is likely to make his company ____ successful.

unethical behavior; less

Which of the following is an example of how attitude relevance is linked to behavior? A geneticist working for a pharmaceutical company is more likely to protest new regulations regarding stem cell research than a janitor working for the same company. A disc jockey working at a local radio station is likely to protest a new 4-day workweek, despite the fact that he will continue working 10 hours a day, 5 days a week because of the schedule of his radio program. An author of page-turning romance novels for gay men is unlikely to include straight love scenes in his books because his primary audience will not be interested. A voter who cares deeply about pollution and saving the earth is unlikely to vote for climate control measures because they are unlikely to appear on the ballot.

A geneticist working for a pharmaceutical company is more likely to protest new regulations regarding stem cell research than a janitor working for the same company.

Heidi works for a large electric company. Over the last year, Heidi has been designing new batteries to store solar power. She loves her work and feels good about helping to create energy that doesn't cause a problem for the planet. Now the company has asked Heidi to take on a new project, which involves developing new ways of harnessing wind power. Heidi has agreed to the company's request. What type of commitment is Heidi experiencing? Affective commitment Normative commitment Continuance commitment

Affective commitment

Chan is an accountant for his company in the telecommunications industry. Chan's company has struggled recently with profits, due to competition and increased labor costs. Chan has been asked to review expenses, and he found something very surprising. Chan noticed that one of his company's clients has been making double payments for two months, resulting in more income for Chan's company. Chan knows that layoffs may occur if his company does not turn things around financially and he knows this particular client is so large that they would not notice a double payment for years. Chan finds himself in: Influence buying Personal decadence An ethical dilemma A case of interpersonal abuse

An ethical dilemma

You want to change someone's behavior, but you know that persuasion is influenced by the elaboration likelihood model. Suppose that you know that your target will be taking the central route on the model. Which of the following questions should you ask as you are preparing your persuasive presentation? Do I have enough arguments to make a good case, even though my target isn't listening carefully to each individual argument? How attractive will my target find me to be? Is the person I am trying to persuade going to respect my expertise? Are my arguments logical and convincing?

Are my arguments logical and convincing?

Suppose that you are a pacifist, and you have just been drafted into the Army. There is no way you can get out of your term of service. Which of the following actions could you take to reduce your cognitive dissonance? Check all that apply. Offer to serve as a cook, and change your mind to believe that fighting is sometimes the best way to solve a problem. Change your mind about war, and start to believe that it can be justified sometimes. Offer to serve as a medic so you help people and don't have to kill them. Continue to be a pacifist, but offer to serve in an infantry division so you see real action, too.

Change your mind about war, and start to believe that it can be justified sometimes. Offer to serve as a medic so you help people and don't have to kill them.

Which of the following are characteristics of a culture in which job characteristics are good predictors of job satisfaction? Check all that apply. Individualism is high Incomes are high Power distance is low Masculinity is high

Individualism is high Incomes are high Power distance is low

This job satisfaction survey asks respondents to say "Yes", "No", or "Cannot Decide" about statements describing jobs. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) Job Descriptive Index (JDI) Job Analysis Questionnaire (JAQ) Job Description Questionnaire (JDQ)

Job Descriptive Index (JDI)

__________ is a measure of how strongly a person identifies with a company. The stronger the person's identification, the less likely he or she is to leave the company.

Organizational commitment

Which of the following are characteristics of a target that can influence a persuasive situation? Check all that apply. Attractiveness Self-esteem Expertise Mood

Self-esteem Mood

Suppose you have a coworker who is a high Mach in your workplace. What could you do to counter the behavior of that individual? Explain to the high Mach individual what is expected of him and ask him to agree to your terms. Work with the high Mach individual one on one, rather than in a team setting. Set up work projects for teams, rather than working one on one with the high Mach person. Put the high Mach individual in charge of a project by himself, and don't let others work with him.

Set up work projects for teams, rather than working one on one with the high Mach person.

Albert is a ticket taker at a local movie theater. Albert's boss wants Albert to smile at all the customers that come in, but some days, Albert just doesn't feel like it. On those days, Albert pretends to be happy when he's not. What technique is Albert using to do his emotional labor at work? Display rules Deep acting Emotional contagion Surface acting

Surface acting

Which of the following statements accurately describes job satisfaction? a. Job satisfaction depends upon pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers. b. Job satisfaction is directly linked to greater productivity. c. Employees with high negative effect are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs. d. There is a strong correlation between high-paying jobs and job satisfaction.

a. Job satisfaction depends upon pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers.

Which of the following is an example of counterproductive work behavior (CWB)? a. Natalia discovers a shortcut that saves her hours of time on routine projects and keeps the discovery to herself. b. Derek has the flu and calls in sick, which means he misses an important client meeting. c. Jackson shares the news of a coworker's promotion with others in his workgroup. d. Kendall gets stuck in heavy traffic and is late to work.

a. Natalia discovers a shortcut that saves her hours of time on routine projects and keeps the discovery to herself.

All of the following statements accurately describe organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) EXCEPT a. OCBs must be carefully managed since each behavior significantly depletes employee energy. b. OCBs are especially important to organizations using teams. c. Satisfied workers are more likely to engage in OCBs than those unsatisfied with their jobs. d. The impact of one worker's OCBs can spread throughout an entire department.

a. OCBs must be carefully managed since each behavior significantly depletes employee energy.

All of the following are major characteristics of a persuasive source EXCEPT a. intelligence b. expertise c. attractiveness d. trustworthiness

a. intelligence

Which of the following is a terminal value? a. pleasure b. honesty c. independence d. ambition

a. pleasure

People are more likely to be persuaded into an attitude change when a. the tone of the message matches their mood. b. they are in a bad mood. c. they have high self-esteem. d. their freedom is threatened.

a. the tone of the message matches their mood.

Which of the following measures the specific facets of job satisfaction? a. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) b. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) c. ABC model d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

b. Job Descriptive Index (JDI)

The best source for rating an individual's emotional intelligence is a. the individual's work history. b. a colleague. c. a standardized test. d. the individual himself/herself.

b. a colleague.

To affect both job satisfaction and performance, rewards must be a. valued by society. b. contingent on individual performance. c. valued by relevant coworkers. d. contingent on company performance.

b. contingent on individual performance.

Which of the following is a work value? a. intelligence b. fairness c. self-control d. freedom

b. fairness

You are a student in the College of Business at Citywide University, which recently announced that all fees for students in the College of Engineering will double beginning next semester. You believe in quality education at an affordable price and would like to attend the protest rally with your best friends on Saturday, but you decide to attend a family wedding instead. Your decision was likely based on which factor in the attitude-behavior link? a. social constraints b. relevance c. low self-monitoring d. timing of the attitude measurement

b. relevance

Which of the following statements accurately describes ethical behavior at work? a. Ethical behavior can hurt companies but rarely affects them positively. b. The court system ruled that employees have the right to expect privacy at work, so companies are limited in their abilities to monitor employee e-mails. c. Ethical behavior requires actions consistent with one's own values, those of society, and those of the company. d. Organizations cannot depend on individuals to act ethically.

c. Ethical behavior requires actions consistent with one's own values, those of society, and those of the company.

All of the following statements accurately describe work attitudes EXCEPT a. Attitudes directly affect work behavior. b. Demanding jobs over which employees have little control negatively affect work attitudes. c. Positive psychological climates are not enough to generate positive attitudes or good performance. d. Attitudes indirectly affect work behavior.

c. Positive psychological climates are not enough to generate positive attitudes or good performance.

Which of the following statements accurately describes emotions and moods? a. Emotions have little to no impact on work attitudes. b. Moods are less enduring than emotions and have no clear cause. c. Research has shown that emotions and cognitions are normal parts of decision making. d. People tend to maintain one mood regardless of the time of day.

c. Research has shown that emotions and cognitions are normal parts of decision making.

Goran secured three bids for a project at work. He was about to award the job to the lowest bidder when his boss demanded he award the job to the highest bidder—a friend of hers from college. Goran feels torn between his strong sense of fairness and his boss' demand. He is experiencing a. social learning. b. emotional contagion. c. cognitive dissonance. d. organizational citizenship behavior.

c. cognitive dissonance.

All of the following influences on attitude formation are related to social learning EXCEPT a. modeling b. culture c. direct experience d. peer pressure

c. direct experience

Leonard is so upset following his performance appraisal, he feels like crying. Because he has several hours left in the work day, he decides to picture himself lying on a tropical beach to improve his mood. This is an example of a. emotional contagion. b. burnout. c. emotional labor. d. mindfulness.

c. emotional labor.

A B Corp is a company that a. monitors the ethical behavior of business. b. strives to be the second-best company in the related field. c. experiences five years of slow sales following an ethical scandal. d. uses the power of business as a force for good.

d. uses the power of business as a force for good.

You're working with a great team this year. Your team leader is enthusiastic and always says positive things about your work project. As a result of ________ , the entire team feels good about working together.

emotional contagion

Dan was born in 1975, so he is a baby buster. As a result, he values _______ much more than baby boomers do.

family life and time off from work

Adrianna has an ______ locus of control because she believes that she controls the events in her life. As a result, Adrianna is more likely to make ethical decisions than people with the opposite style of locus of control.

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