Chapter 4 Biology
The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.
its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment
The contractile vacuole __________.
eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists
Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?
digestive enzymes
Which technique allowed scientists to figure out that all cells, and not just muscle cells, contained actin filaments?
electron microscopy
A normal size range for a typical eukaryotic cell is _____.
10 to 100 micrometers
The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting?
40X
Which of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?
The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.
What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?
The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________.
an archaen
Mitochondria are found in _____.
both plant and animal cells
Which is a typical function of lysosomes?
breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria
Which cellular organelle is required for photosynthesis to occur in eukaryotic cells?
chloroplast
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
cilia
What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called?
cristae
Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?
cytosol
Which of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cells as, for example, in the vertebrate heart?
gap junctions
The nucleolus __________.
is rich in ribosomal RNA
Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?
microtubules
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism?
mitochondrion
The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________
nucleus
Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, __________.
only cilia move as a coordinated team
You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.
plant
Chloroplasts are found in __________.
plant cells and some protists
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a(n) _____.
plasmodesma
The cell junctions in plant cells that provide channels between adjacent cells are generally _____.
plasmodesmata
In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.
plasmodesmata ... gap junctions
Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?
ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.
secrete a lot of material
The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?
support, movement, and communication
Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesizing receptor proteins
The term resolving power refers to _____.
the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate
To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.
the plasma membrane
Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?
transport vesicles
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?
prescence of a cell wall
What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?
increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
metabolically active
The protein actin is a component of a(n) __________.
microfilament
Part A Part complete When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably __________.
microtubules
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____.
golgi apparatus
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; however, they are different in that only chloroplasts, and not mitochondria, __________.
have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis
What component of the cell membrane connects signals from the outside of the cell with the inside of the cell and vice versa?
integrins
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____.
lack a nucleus
A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.
lack of dyenin proteins
Which of the following organeles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?
lysosome