Chapter 4. Body Tissues and Membranes

The tissue that can protect the body from drying out, sweep up impurities in the respiratory tract, and secrete mucous is ____ tissue.

epithelial

Tissue that is characterized by tightly packed cells, a high rate of cell reproduction, and is exposed on one side to the free surface is known as _____ tissue.

epithelial

In areolar connective tissue, elastic fibers are found within the __.

extracellular matrix

Nervous tissue can be defined as

tissue that can transmit impulses tissue that can respond to stimuli

The epithelium of the small intestine is responsible for taking in nutrients from the lumen and shuttling them into nearby blood vessels. What function of epithelia does this exemplify?

Absorption

Which form of dense connective tissue proper has collagen fibers arranged in parallel, providing strength in one direction?

Dense regular

Which of the following is a characteristic of adipose tissue but not areolar connective tissue?

Closely packed cells

Which of the following are components of connective tissues?

Protein fibers Ground substance Cells

What type of layering is likely to be present in an epithelium that is as thin as possible?

Simple

The bony matrix functions as a storage site for:

calcium phosphate

The bones of the wrist are known as the _____.

carpals

The short bones of the wrist are called _____.

carpals

The two _____ bones and the _____ form the pelvic girdle (pelvis).

coxal sacrum

The bone depicted in the image is the:

femur

The bone marked 'A' is the _____ and the bone marked 'B' is the _____.

fibula tibia

Features found on the ilium are

iliac crest greater sciatic notch anterior superior iliac spine posterior superior iliac spine

The largest part of the coxal bone is the _____.

ilium

The bones located in the palm of the hand are called _____.

metacarpals

The major tissue type that can contract is _____ tissue.

muscular

The bones of the pectoral girdle include the:

scapula clavicle

Epithelium that contains a single layer of flat cells is called

simple squamous epithelium.

A type of dense connective tissue proper forms a protective wrapping around an organ and provides strength against forces applied in multiple directions. Which of the following connective tissues best suits this description?

Dense irregular

Match each type of dense connective tissue proper with the locations it is found.

Dense regular - Tendons and ligaments Dense irregular - Dermis of skin, coverings around organs Elastic - Large arteries, vocal cords

Which of the following define epithelial tissues?

They cover the body's surfaces. They form the inner lining of body cavities. They line the hollow organs.

A fibrocartilage disk joins the two pubic bones together at the:

pubic symphysis

Movement of the body is accomplished by muscles pulling on the _____.

skeleton

The functions of the skeleton include

support protection support movement

Bones of the ankle are called _____.

tarsals

A rounded knob found at a point of articulation on a bone is a:

condyle

This major tissue type that binds and supports body parts is _____ tissue.

connective

The largest and thickest bone in the body is the _____.

femur

Major blood vessels and nerves for the leg pass anteriorly through the:

obturator foramen

The anatomically correct term for the 'kneecap' is _____.

patella

The bones of the _____ girdle support the arms.

pectoral

The most anterior part of the coxal bone is the _____.

pubis or pubic bone

The bone marked "A" in the image is the _____.

radius

The more lateral forearm bone is the:

radius

The ____ is medial to and thicker than the _____.

tibia; fibula

A group of specialized cells that work together to perform a common function in the body is known as a(n)

tissue

A _____ epithelium lines the urinary bladder and ureters.

transitional

A large oval knob that is found only on the femur is a _____.

trochanter

In the anatomical position, the medial bone of the forearm is the:

ulna

The bone marked "A" in the figure is the _____.

ulna

Which portion of the stomach epithelium is subject to the greatest amount of damage because it contacts the acidic contents of the lumen?

Apical surface

A connective tissue contains fibroblasts, abundant ground substance, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers. What type of connective tissue is this?

Areolar

Match each type of loose connective tissue proper with the appropriate description.

Areolar - Contains collagen, elastic fibers, and abundant ground substance Adipose - Provides insulation and energy storage Reticular - Found in lymph nodes

Which of the following are example functions of connective tissues?

Binding organs together Heat production

There are four primary tissue classes in the body.

True

True or false: Blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow.

True

True or false: The skeletal system functions in the storage of calcium ions that are needed for muscles and nervous reactions.

True

The stomach epithelium releases acid and enzymes into the stomach lumen. What function of epithelia does this exemplify?

Secretion

If a splinter enters the skin, which part of the skin epithelium does it penetrate first?

Apical surface

Identify the structures of a typical long bone:

A - Epiphysis B - Diaphysis C - Articular cartilage D - Medullary cavity E - Periosteum

Match the bones of the lower extremity.

A - Femur B - Patella C - Fibula D - Tibia E - Tarsals/Metatarsals

Match the bones of the hand with the letter on the figure.

A - Phalanges B - Distal phalanx C - Proximal phalanx D - Metacarpals E - Carpals

Match the bones of the foot.

A - Phalanges B - Metatarsal C - Talus D - Calcaneus

A tissue is defined as:

A group of specialized cells with similar function.

Which of the bones in the image are included in the appendicular skeleton?

C B E

Which of the following are primary tissue classes?

Connective Epithelial Muscle

An epithelial cell is about as tall as it is wide. Which of the following describes its shape?

Cuboidal

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of compact bone?

Osteons are composed of lamellae surround a central canal.

Which tissue type contacts the lumen of a hollow organ?

Epithelial

_____ tissue covers body surfaces, and lines hollow organs and body cavities.

Epithelial

Match each primary tissue type with its function.

Epithelial - Covering and lining Nervous - Transmit and process information Muscle - Movement Connective - Binding and support

Which of the following is a formed element of blood that functions in carrying oxygen?

Erythrocyte

Compared to epithelial tissues, connective tissues contain cells that are more densely packed together.

False

The ability for epithelial tissue to contract allows for body movement.

False

The apical surface of an epithelium is in direct contact with the basement membrane.

False

True or false: Weight-bearing exercises will increase the degeneration of bone and cartilage.

False

The junction between two or more bones is called a(n) _____.

joint

Which of the following bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?

Humerus, ulna, and radius Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle Femur, tibia and fibula

A student examines cartilage under the microscope. It has chondrocytes in lacunae surrounded by an extracellular matrix that appears very smooth, without any visible protein fibers. Which of the following is the student looking at?

Hyaline cartilage

Match each type of stratified epithelium with a body location where it is found.

Keratinized stratified squamous - Epidermis of skin Nonkeratinized stratified squamous - Esophagus Stratified cuboidal - Ducts of sweat glands Stratified columnar - Part of male urethra

The epithelium of the oral cavity (mouth) contains numerous layers of living epithelial cells, and the apical cells are flattened. What type of epithelium does this describe?

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

The four major tissue types in the body are:

muscle nerve connective epithelial

An epithelium contains a single layer of cells. All cells contact the basement membrane, but not all reach the apical surface. Which epithelium does this describe?

Pseudostratified columnar

Match each type of simple epithelium with a body location where it is found.

Simple squamous - Air sacs of lungs Simple cuboidal - Secretory ducts and glands Simple columnar - Digestive tract Pseudostratified columnar - Trachea

The major tissue type that contracts to produce movement is

muscle tissue.

Which epithelial cell shape allows for the thinnest epithelium?

Squamous

The body can extract calcium from bone tissue to ensure a proper calcium level in the blood. What function of connective tissue does this exemplify?

Storage

Match the following types of joint with the correct description:

Synarthrosis - Immovable joint Amphiarthrosis - Slightly immovable joint Diarthrosis - Freely movable joint

_____ joints have a capsule surrounding them and are usually freely moveable.

Synovial

Match each of the structures of a typical long bone with its description:

The end of a long bone - Epiphysis The shaft of a long bone - Diaphysis Protects and cushions the ends of a long bone - Articular cartilage Space within the shaft of a long bone - Medullary cavity Fibrous membrane that covers bones - Periosteum

The four major types of tissues in the body are epithelial, connective, _____, and _____.

muscular nervous

What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder?

Transitional

A hollow organ can have two epithelia: one lining the internal surface and another covering the external surface.

True

A simple epithelium consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.

True

Blood is a connective tissue.

True

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium contains both living and dead epithelial cells.

True

Some connective tissues have multiple functions, such as protection and energy storage.

True

The type of tissue that can respond to stimuli and transmit impulses from one body part to another is ______ tissue.

nervous

Organs are typically made up of

all four major tissue types

Connective tissue is tissue that

binds and supports body parts.

As we age, bone and cartilage ____ causing our bones to become hard and brittle.

deteriorate

Which of the following bones are located in the lower extremity?

femur patella tibia fibula tarsals metatarsals phalanges

The patella articulates with the

femur.

Identify the different structures of joints

fibrous joint - joins bones together through fibrous connective tissue cartilaginous joints - hyaline or fibrocartilage join bones together synovial joints - bones are joined together by a capsule surrounding them

Identify the bones of the upper limb:

humerus radius ulna carpals metacarpals phalanges

The size of the pelvic cavity is determined by the distance between the _____ spines.

ischial

The part of the pelvis that bears the weight of the body allowing a person to sit is the:

ischial tuberosity