Chapter #4 Consciousness

psychological dependence

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so frequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

Tolerance

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. This is an example of ________.

Cocaine

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They decrease neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with hyperactivity.

alpha waves

Stage 1 sleep is characterized by a predominance of ________ wave activity in the brain.

dissociative

theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist

Parasomnias

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome

night terrors

After Omar falls asleep, he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

Chronotypes

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse.

Darkness and light

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

REM

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

Biological

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

Carl Jung

Which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species?

The Activation - System Model

Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep?