Chapter 4 Gov.

Until the passage of the__________________________states could legally deny citizens some of the protection provided them under the Bill of Rights.

14 amendment

What defense powers do states have under the Constitution?

All states may maintain a civilian militia.

By providing federal funds to spur economic recovery, the New Deal helped foster the type of________________that is still seen in the relationship between state and federal agencies today.

Federalism

Which statement is not true of unfunded mandates?

The are issued only when the federal government has a surplus budget.

Why are economies of scale important to government programs?

They make more money available for the people the programs serve

In what sense are reserved powers "unwritten laws"?

They're not specified but not forbidden by the Constitution.

The Fourteenth Amendment puts limits on

a state's power over its residents.

Which description best fits the course of American federalism over the last century?

away from dual federalism toward cooperative federalism

A state has the most freedom to set its own policy with a

block grant

Which is an example of concurrent powers?

collecting taxes

What is the assumption behind dual federalism?

State and national government concerns are essentially different.

Which is the most likely threat to Congress members who vote for an unfunded mandate?

State party leaders will not support them if they run for reelection.

These powers allow the state and federal governments to provide the same services and make the same demands.

concurrent

Levying taxes is a____________________which is why wage earners must pay both a state and federal income tax.

concurrent power

By rejecting the central government's authority, southern states tried to return to the_______________system of pre-Constitution days.

confederal

Regional governments have the most power in

confederalism.

You can find specific constitutional references for these powers.

delegated

A lawful United States government operates within the______________________granted it in the Constitution.

delegated powers

Massive though it is, the national Social Security Administration offers____________________________because it can be coordinated through one central agency rather than fifty separate ones

economies of scale

The idea of states as "laboratories of democracy" is most closely related to the idea of

flexibility.

The expression "use a carrot and a stick" means to persuade someone using both rewards and punishment. Which element of federalism best fits this description?

grants and mandates

These powers have been expanded through Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution

implied

Most of the laws that affect your life come from your state exercising these very broad powers

reserved

In the Constitution, what is the states' equivalent of Congress's expressed powers?

reserved powers

Under the Constitution, rights and duties not given to the federal branches are part of the states_______________

reserved powers

As used in the Constitution, concurrent is best defined as

shared

Under the Constitution, a state may not

sign a trade agreement with a foreign nation.

The supremacy clause settles power conflicts between

the state and federal governments.

What constitutional principle underlies the Fourteenth Amendment?

the supremacy of the federal government over the states

Given what America's founders wrote in the Constitution, what relationship between the state and federal governments did they envision?

two separate levels dealing with different concerns

If Congress issues a_____________________to improve water quality, states may add a surcharge on water use rather than cut their budget to pay for it.

unfunded mandate

The Supreme Court's interpretation of the elastic clause suggests that its members believe that the Constitution's writers

wanted the national legislature to have authority over state legislatures.

One advantage of block grants may be that they force recipients to set specific goals and deadlines.

False; categorical

The executive branch gets much of its power from the implied powers permitted by the Constitution

False; legislative

What is the best comparison for a unitary system?

A family where parents make decisions and children obey

Dual federalism recognizes that the federal government needs the states to meet its constitutional obligations.

False; quraptive

States prefer federal funds in the form of __________________which come with the fewest strings attached.

Block Grant

With no strong federal government, states in a_____________system may have more rights but also more disputes between themselves.

Confederal

Which action violates a state's rights under the Constitution?

Congress votes to raise the pay of a state's employees.

John Marshall's influence is felt today in

Congress's supremacy over the states.

.How are implied powers related to expressed powers?

Expressed powers are the origins of implied powers.

Expressed powers are based on implied powers

False

The Supreme Court has defined the elastic clause very narrowly to limit Congress's power

False

Which is an example of inherent powers?

Guarding a border with a hostile nation

How did the ruling of Gibbons v. Ogden increase Congress's powers over the states?

It expanded Congress's role in interstate trade.

People who feel Congress is too powerful may fault___________________whose Supreme Court rulings regularly favored federal lawmakers over state governments.

John Marshall

The image of states as_______________________________is one argument for letting them devise their own solutions with limited congressional interference.

Laboratories of democracy

What is an advantage to states of dual federalism?

More control over policy making

Compared with categorical grants, block grants give local policy makers

None of the above

In practicing _____________at the time of the Civil War, southern states tried to pick and choose the federal laws they would obey.

Nullification

A good comparison for dual federalism is two coworkers who share an office but have mostly different duties

True

A national speed limit would take precedence over state speed limits because of the supremacy clause.

True

Devolution hands states a mixed bag: more control in solving problems but less money to carry out the solutions

True

In a unitary system, whether a state carries out its policies depends largely on support from the central government.

True

The number of unfunded mandates has increased in recent decades

True

Name and describe things/events that have changed federalism over time in the United States.

War, 9/11, great depression

These powers are the very reason a government exists

inherent

_____________powers are not listed in the Constitution because they are accepted as part of the national government's rights and duties.

inherent

n the court case_________________________ a dispute over who gets to charter and tax banks reinforced Congress's authority in state matters.

mcCullough vs. Maryland

Under the Constitution, the national government must

recognize a state's duly elected representatives in Congress.