Chapter 4 History Test

What happened at the First Continental Congress?

(Sept. 1774) -56 Delegates met in Philadelphia and drew up a declaration of colonial rights -Stated if British used force, fight back

what was the significance of Thomas Paine's "common sense"?

-turned the tide of public opinion -Convinced Americans that the war for independence was the only option -Turned many to the patriot side and gave patriot soldiers hope, confidence, and motivation

how many parts of the declaration were there?

6

Who was Friedrich von Steuben?

A Prussian; He was the man who turned the American army into a formidable fighting force; drilled patriots at valley forge; hired by George Washington in hopes of getting soldiers' spirits up

Who was Benedict Arnold?

A Turncoat; He was a traitor and accepted money to join the British

what was the battle of bunker hill?

A battle outside of Boston that proved the Colonists could stand up to the British army; many British soldiers died despite their victory; colonial confidence boost

What is Egalitarianism?

A belief in the equality of all people

What was the Second Continental Congress?

A convention of delegates from the 13 colonies; the colonies established the Continental Army and named George Washington as Commander and Chief

Who was Molly Pitcher?

A woman who carried water to soldiers and fought at the Battle of Monmouth; shot cannon after husband died

The involvement of the Marquis de Lafayette in the war meant that

American troops would gain reinforcements

During which event did the first fighting between redcoats and minutemen occur?

Battle of Lexington

who won the battle of new york and why

Britain; Americans were vastly outnumbered

who won the battle of Philadelphia and why?

Britain; colonists' colonial capital (Philadelphia) was captured by the British; they were overpowered

Who were the Daughters of Liberty?

Colonial women who supported American boycotts of British products by producing homemade goods (Reduced dependence on British textiles)

who were Loyalists?

Colonists who supported/remained loyal to Great Britain during the revolutionary war

Who were patriots?

Colonists who wanted independence from Britain

What happened at the Boston Tea Party?

Colonists, led by the Sons of Liberty, tossed 92,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor to rebel against the *Tea Act*, resulted in the Boston Harbor being closed until the money for the tea was paid, colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians as a disguise, 340 chests from 3 ships were tossed, tea was taken from the East India Company

who won the battle of Saratoga and why?

Colonists; Britain's plan failed b/c general Howe ditched the British; CA had help from the French; B underestimated the Americans

What was the Committee of Correspondence?

Created by Samuel Adams, it kept colonists informed of British actions// Assemblies of VA and MA set up to communicate with other colonies about threats to American Liberties

How were women involved before and during the revolutionary war?

Daughters of liberty; women like molly pitcher helped soldiers and fought on the front lines

What was the battle of Lexington and concord?

First battle of the American Revolution; colonial victory; proved to Britain and king George that colonists didn't come to mess around and were serious about wanting independence; shot heard around the world

During the Revolutionary War, what did the Continental Army lack?

Food and Ammunition

Which European country supported the American colonies during the Revolutionary War?

France

What did King George III do?

He taxed the colonists, started the Stamp Act of 1765; Thomas Jefferson states his accounts of tyranny over the colonies in the DOI; rejected olive branch petition

What is inflation?

Increase in prices due to more paper money being printed

Who was Marquis de Lafayette?

Involved in battle of Charlestown; Serves under George Washington (is his advisor) during the winter at Valley Forge; Helped get French aid to colonies fighting the British

What is the Declaration of Independence?

It is a document that declared independence from Britain and the formation of a new country, the USA;

How was egalitarianism not displayed?

It was only for white males did not bring new political rights to women Africans were still slaves Native Americans were still unprotected and the treaty of Paris didn't apply to them

Who were the drafters of the declaration?

John Adams Roger Sherman Ben Franklin Robert R. Livingston Thomas Jefferson

Whose concepts did Jefferson draw upon as he drafted the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

what rights were they claiming they had in the DOI?

Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (unalienable rights)

Those colonists who opposed independence and remained supporters of Great Britain

Loyalists

What were minutemen?

Men trained and ready to fight the British in a minute's warning/ Civilian soldiers

who is charles cornwallis?

ON THE SIDE OF THE *BRITISH*; He was the leader of the British during the battle of Yorktown and was forced to surrender.

Who were the Sons of Liberty and what did they do?

Organized and carried out Boston tea party; against Britain; Used intimidation and contributed in mass protests; Lead by Samuel Adams

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

Patriot Delegates sent a petition (written by john Dickinson) to King George urging peace but it was rejected by King George who took it as a threat -attempt to avoid war w/ Britain

A leading founder of the resistance group The Sons of Liberty.

Samuel Adams

Which of the following men helped to found the sons of liberty?

Samuel Adams

who was Thomas Jefferson and what was his role during the revolution?

Served in continental congress and was governor of Virginia; mainly drafted the declaration of independence

What were civilians' involvement in the rev. war?

Some were minutemen; some brought food, water, supplies etc. to soldiers fighting in their town

Who was Paul Revere?

Son of Liberty who made Boston Massacre engraving. Also at the start of the war he rode on his horse shouting that the British are coming; involved in Boston massacre and Boston tea party

What were the chain of events leading to the American revolution?

Tea Act Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Lexington & Concord Prohibitory Act

How did the colonists react to the Intolerable Acts?

The First C. Congress wrote a declaration of colonial rights

The formation of the Sons of Liberty was a response to?

The Stamp Act

Samuel Adams called April 19, 1775 "A glorious day for America" because why?

The Treaty of Paris had been signed giving U.S. Independence

Which battle encouraged the colonists/built morale? (also the battle that made patriot soldiers reenlist again)

The battle of trenton

In which incident did Crispus Attucks play a significant role?

The boston massacre

One direct result of the Intolerable Act was

The convening of the First Continental Congress

What was the Boston Massacre?

The killing of 5 civilians by British troops which helped spark the American Revolutionary War.

The Boston Massacre was a response to

The stationing of British soldiers in Boston

Which event confirmed American Independence and set the boundaries of a new nation?

The treaty of paris

what did the Treaty of Paris (1783) do?

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies new territory

The author of common sense was

Thomas Paine

Who wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense, arguing for American Independence?

Thomas Paine

This document was crucial in changing public opinion to support independence

Thomas Paine's Common Sense

Taxes on materials imported from Britain such as glass and paper came after the passing of what

Townshend Acts

The Continental Army scored its first and much needed victory at:

Trenton

George Washington and his troops spent the brutal winter of 1777-1778 camped at:

Valley Forge

In which state is Yorktown located?

Virginia

Where is Yorktown located?

Virginia

What were some of paine's ideas in "common sense"?

Wanted to lay down the facts; didn't want the writing to seem biased so that loyalists would read the whole paper; explains that we need independence from Britain in order to move on as united states

The colonists won the war with Britain's surrender at:

Yorktown

In the colonies in 1776, Patriots made up..

about half the population

who won the battle of Trenton and why

colonists; surprise attack

What were the Townshend Acts?

import taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea

What did the Townshend Acts bring about?

indirect taxes on imported goods

Why was Valley Forge important?

it is where the colonial army spent 6 months waiting to take British troops by surprise; major turning point in rev. war; colonists faced many hardships and doubts at this time

What were the intolerable acts?

laws designed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party

What is profiteering?

selling scarce goods for a profit

What was the sugar act?

tax on sugar and molasses

What was the stamp act?

taxed all printed material in the colonies

What is martial law?

temporary military rule

The shot heard round the world occurred during which battle?

the battle of Lexington

The low point of the Revolutionary War for the Continental Army was:

the winter at valley forge