Chapter 4 Mastering Biology (Bio 1030)
nuclear envelope
The ________ is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
gap (communicating) junctions
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.
chromosomes
________ are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells.
collagen
__________ is the most prevalent glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix
plasmodesmata ... gap junctions
in plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.
nucleus
where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
DNA
________ is the self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information.
desmosomes
the primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.
cytoskeleton
the structural framework in a cell is the
rigid
the plant cell can use the central vacuole for growth because the cell wall is _______.
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
the plant cell wall ______
both plant and animal cells
mitochondria are found in _____.
electron microscopy
which technique allowed scientists to figure out that all cells, and not just muscle cells, contained actin filaments?
secrete a lot of material
you would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.
metabolically active
mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?
mitochondrion
which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
100
1 meter = _____ centimeters
60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... larger
A 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cell has a surface area that is _____ and a volume that is _____. When this volume is broken into many smaller cells, that are 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, the sum of the surface areas of the smaller cells is _____ than the surface area of the initial cell.
central vacuoles; ribosomes
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
fimbriae
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
RNA
_______ is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses.
nuclear pore
a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is called a _______
tight junctions
which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?
on the rough er
digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.
only cilia move as a coordinated team
flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, __________.
ribosomes
in a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles
lysosomes are derived from __________ and function in __________.
ribosomes
one of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
several million
pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?
plasma membrane
the _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
microtubules
the cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
mRNA
what carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity
what changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?
they are constructed of interrelated membranes.
what do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
protection
what is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
cell wall
what name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
plasma membrane
what structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
microtubules
when elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably __________.
smooth ER
where are lipids made in the cell?
mitochondria
where in a cell is ATP made?
nucleoid region
where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
the chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
nucleolus
the round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA is known as the _________
Storing compounds produced by the cell
which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
golgi apparatus
which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
lysosomes
which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?