Chapter 4 MasteringBiology

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of __________.

ATP

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap (communicating) junctions

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.

breakdown of fatty acids

Which is a typical function of lysosomes?

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines

cell theory.

The function of the chloroplast is to _____.

convert light energy to chemical energy

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

desmosomes

The contractile vacuole __________.

eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists

What component of the cell membrane connects signals from the outside of the cell with the inside of the cell and vice versa?

integrins

The nucleolus __________.

is rich in ribosomal RNA

The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.

its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____.

lack a nucleus

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

The protein actin is a component of a(n) __________.

microfilament

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________.

nucleus

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.

plant

In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.

plasmodesmata ... gap junctions

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

presence of a cell wall

Which of the following structure(s) is/are found in prokaryotic cells?

ribosomes

The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of

ribosomes.

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of material

In muscle cells, the _____ is/are specialized for the storage and release of calcium.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which of the following cell organelles?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?

support, movement, and communication

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesizing receptor proteins

The term resolving power refers to _____.

the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate

To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.

the plasma membrane

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?

tight junctions