Chapter 4: Mol Gen

Two forms of hemophilia are determined by genes on the X chromosome in humans. Assume that a phenotypically normal woman whose father had hemophilia is married to a normal man. What is the probability that their first son will have hemophilia? A) 100% B) 1/2 C) 1/4 D) zero E) 1/3

B) 1/2

Assume that a dihybrid cross (AaBb × AaBb) is made in which the gene loci are autosomal, independently assorting, and incompletely dominant. What phenotypic ratio would you expect from such a cross? A) 2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2 B) 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 C) 1:2:2:1:4:2:1:2:1 D) 2:1:1:2:2:1:4:2:2 E) 1:2:1:2:2:2:1:4:1

B) 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

A particular cross gives a modified dihybrid ratio of 9:7. What phenotypic ratio would you expect in a testcross of the fully heterozygous F1 crossed with the fully recessive type? A) 1:1 B) 1:3 C) 2:1 D) 2:3 E) 3:1

B) 1:3

In a mating between individuals with the genotypes IAi × ii, what percentage of the offspring are expected to have the O blood type? A) 100% B) 50% C) 75% D) 0% E) 25%

B) 50%

A snapdragon plant has red, pink, or white flowers, inherited in an incomplete dominance pattern. It can come in tall or dwarf (homozygous recessive) varieties. What is the ratio expected if you cross a pink tall (heterozygous) plant with a pink short plant? A) 2 red tall : 1 red short : 1 pink tall : 1 pink short : 2 white tall : 1 white short B) 2 red tall : 2 red short : 1 pink tall : 1 pink short : 1 white tall : 1 white short C) 1 red tall : 1 red short : 2 pink tall : 2 pink short : 1 white tall : 1 white short D) 1 red tall : 1 red short : 1 pink tall : 1 pink short : 1 white tall : 1 white short E) 3 red tall : 3 red short : 1 white tall : 1 white short

C) 1 red tall : 1 red short : 2 pink tall : 2 pink short : 1 white tall : 1 white short

The genes for zeste eyes and forked bristles are located on the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. Both genes are recessive. A cross is made between a zeste-eyed female and a forked-bristled male. If 200 offspring from this cross were obtained, what is the expected offspring's phenotype and sex? A) all wild type B) 100 zeste female; 100 zeste forked male C) 100 wild female; 100 zeste male D) 50 wild female, 50 forked female; 50 zeste forked male, 50 zeste male E) 100 forked female; 100 zeste male

C) 100 wild female; 100 zeste male

Assume that a dihybrid F2 ratio, resulting from epistasis, was 9:3:4. If a double heterozygote was crossed with the fully recessive type, what phenotypic ratio is expected among the offspring? A) 1:1:1 B) 1:2:1 C) 1:1:2 D) 12: 3: 1 E) 9:3:4

C) 1:1:2

A ________ ratio indicates incomplete dominance A) 9:7 B) 2:2:2 C) 1:2:1 D) 3:1 E) 1:1:1:1

C) 1:2:1

If an X-linked disorder is lethal to the affected individual prior to the age at which one reaches reproductive maturation, the lethality will be expressed only in males. Why is this so? A) Because it's sex-limited inheritance, females do not demonstrate the phenotype. B) This is not true. We will see the lethality in females as well. C) As it's a lethal allele, it will kill the homozygous recessive first. These are the males. D) At the cellular level, the protein will work less well in the male's cells. E) The only sources of the lethal allele in the population are heterozygous females who are "carriers" and do not express the disorder.

E) The only sources of the lethal allele in the population are heterozygous females who are "carriers" and do not express the disorder.

In a mating between individuals with the genotypes IAIB × ii, what percentage of the offspring are expected to have the O blood type? A) 0% B) 100% C) 25% D) 75% E) 50%

A) 0%

In the mouse, gene A allows pigmentation to be deposited in the individual coat hairs; its allele a prevents such deposition of pigment, resulting in an albino. Gene B gives agouti (wild-type fur); its allele b gives black fur. What would the expected ratio of the progeny be in a cross of a doubly heterozygous agouti mouse mated with a doubly homozygous recessive white mouse? A) 1 (agouti) :1 (black) : 2 (albino) B) 9 (agouti) :3 (black) : 4 (albino) C) 9 (black) : 27(albino) D) 1 (agouti) :1 (black) :1 (albino) E) 3 (agouti) :4 (black) : 9 (albino)

A) 1 (agouti) :1 (black) : 2 (albino)

The deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is inherited as a recessive gene on the X chromosome in humans. A phenotypically normal woman (whose father had G6PD) is married to a normal man. What fraction of their sons would be expected to have G6PD? A) 1/2 B) 1/3 C) 1/4 D) 100% E) zero

A) 1/2

In mice, there is a set of multiple alleles of a gene for coat color. Four of those alleles are as follows: C = full color (wild type) c^ch = chinchilla c^d = dilution c = albino Given that the gene locus is not sex-linked and that each allele is dominant to those lower in the list, give the phenotypic ratios expected from the following cross. wild (heterozygous for dilution) × chinchilla (heterozygous for albino) A) 2 full color : 1 chinchilla : 1 dilution B) 2 full color : 2 chinchilla : 1 dilution C) 1 full color : 1 chinchilla : 2 dilution : 1 albino D) 1 full color : 1 chinchilla : 1 dilution : 1 albino E) 1 chinchilla : 2 dilution : 1 albino

A) 2 full color : 1 chinchilla : 1 dilution

The trait of medium-sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PPȝ. Plants with large leaves are PP, whereas plants with small leaves are PȝPȝ. A cross is made between two plants each with medium-sized leaves. If they produce 80 seedlings, what would be the expected phenotypes, and in what numbers would they be expected? A) 20 (large leaves), 40 (medium leaves), 20 (small leaves) B) 10 (large leaves), 60 (medium leaves), 10 (small leaves) C) 40 (large leaves), 0 (medium leaves), 40 (small leaves) D) 20 (large leaves), 20 (medium leaves), 40 (small leaves) E) 40 (large leaves), 40 (medium leaves), 0 (small leaves)

A) 20 (large leaves), 40 (medium leaves), 20 (small leaves)

A mutant gene that produces brown eyes (bw) is located on chromosome #2 of Drosophila melanogaster, whereas a mutant gene producing bright red eyes, scarlet (st), is located on chromosome #3. Phenotypically, wild-type flies (with dull red eyes), whose mothers had brown eyes and whose fathers had scarlet eyes, were mated. The 800 offspring possessed the following phenotypes: wild type (dull red), white, scarlet (bright red), and brown. Most of the 800 offspring had wild-type eyes, whereas those with white eyes were the least frequent. From the information presented above, how many white-eyed flies would you expect in the F2 generation? A) 50 B) 350 C) 200 D) 150 E) 450

A) 50

Typical ratios resulting from epistatic interactions in dihybrid crosses would be ________. A) 9:3:4, 9:7 B) 3:1, 1:1 C) 9:3:3:1, 1:2:1 D) 1:2:2:4:1:2:1:2:1, 1:2:1 E) 1:1:1:1, 1:4:6:4:1

A) 9:3:4, 9:7

Which of the following statements is false? A) Epistasis would not be expected to occur in a biochemical pathway. B) Epistasis is a nonallelic interaction; dominance is an allelic interaction. C) Dominance refers to the form of expression of a gene in relation to its allele (or alleles). D) When an allele is dominant, the heterozygous combination is the same phenotypically as one of the homozygotes. E) Epistasis refers to a gene (or genes) of one pair masking the expression of a gene (or genes) at a different locus.

A) Epistasis would not be expected to occur in a biochemical pathway.

Rabbits can come in an allelic series where brown > himilayan > chinchilla > albino, where > means dominant over. They also can come in long (recessive) and short fur. You wish to obtain rabbit babies that are albino with long fur. Which of the following crosses would you do? A) chinchilla heterozygous with albino with short fur (heterozygous) × brown heterozygous with albino with long fur B) albino with long fur × brown chinchilla heterozygote with long fur C) albino with long fur × albino with short fur (homozygous) D) homozygous brown with long fur × albino with short fur (heterozygote) E) albino with long fur × homozygous himilayan with short fur (heterozygote)

A) chinchilla heterozygous with albino with short fur (heterozygous) × brown heterozygous with albino with long fur

Achondroplasia is a form of human dwarfism. If two individuals with achondroplasia have children with the following ratio, 2 dwarf to 1 wild type, what is the means of inheritance of this phenotype? A) dominant lethal B) simple recessive C) simple dominance D) epistasis E) recessive lethal

A) dominant lethal

The white-eyed gene in Drosophila is recessive and sex-linked. Assume that a white-eyed female is mated to a wild-type male. What would be the phenotypes of the offspring? A) females wild type, males white eyed B) all wild type C) females half wild type, half white eyed; males white eyed D) all white eyed E) females white eyed; males wild type

A) females wild type, males white eyed

Which mutations are generally dominant since one copy in a diploid organism is sufficient to alter the normal phenotype? A) gain of function B) loss of function C) conditional D) null E) neutral

A) gain of function

Assume that a cross is made between two organisms that are both heterozygous for a gene that shows incomplete dominance. What phenotypic and genotypic ratios are expected in the offspring? A) phenotypic 1:2:1; genotypic 1:2:1 B) phenotypic 1:1:1:1; genotypic 1:2:1 C) phenotypic 1:2:1; genotypic 1:1:1:1 D) phenotypic 3:1; genotypic 1:2:1 E) phenotypic 1:2:1; genotypic 1:3

A) phenotypic 1:2:1; genotypic 1:2:1

A cross was made between homozygous wild-type female Drosophila and yellow-bodied male Drosophila. All of the resulting offspring were phenotypically wild type. Offspring of the F2 generation had the following phenotypes: Sex Phenotype Number male wild 96 male yellow 99 female wild 197 Based on this information, how is the yellow allele inherited? A) recessive, X linked B) dominant, X linked C) recessive, autosomal D) sex-influenced inheritance E) dominant, autosomal

A) recessive, X linked

Assume that a dihybrid F2 ratio, resulting from epistasis, was 15:1. If a double heterozygote was crossed with the fully recessive type, what phenotypic ratio is expected among the offspring? A) 1:3 B) 3:1 C) 5:7 D) 1:2 E) 1:1

B) 3:1

Assume that a dihybrid cross is made in which the genes' loci are autosomal, independently assorting, and incompletely dominant. How many different phenotypes are expected in the offspring? A) 4 B) 9 C) 6 D) 12 E) 2

B) 9

Which of the following statements is true? A) An individual won't show incomplete dominance if one allele is a loss of function allele. B) Even in a seemingly clear-cut example of complete dominance, at the protein or enzyme level, one can detect about half the activity or gene product. C) With both incomplete dominance and codominance, one expects heterozygous and homozygous classes to be phenotypically identical. D) In the threshold effect, one would expect the gain of function mutant to be recessive. E) The threshold effect is only seen in incomplete dominance, not in codominance.

B) Even in a seemingly clear-cut example of complete dominance, at the protein or enzyme level, one can detect about half the activity or gene product.

An allele of RNA polymerase in Drosophila demonstrates a recessive lethal inheritance pattern. Which of the following is true? A) Two homozygous recessive parents will have 100% homozygous offspring. B) Homozygous recessive offspring will never be seen. C) The threshold effect is not seen in recessive lethality. D) Homozygous lethal genes will always demonstrate a gain of function pattern. E) Two heterozygotes will have offspring with a 2:1 pattern.

B) Homozygous recessive offspring will never be seen.

Which of the following is true about X-linkage? A) X linkage demonstrates that only the wild-type allele is the dominant allele. B) Males are more liable to express recessive alleles as they are hemizygous. C) One result of X-linkage is a crisscross pattern of inheritance in which sons express recessive genes of their fathers and daughters express recessive genes of their mothers. D) Females will only express dominant alleles. E) One result of X-linkage is a crisscross pattern of inheritance in which daughters express recessive genes of their fathers and sons express recessive genes of their mothers.

B) Males are more liable to express recessive alleles as they are hemizygous.

What is the blood type of individuals who cannot add the terminal sugar to the H substance? A) A B) O C) B D) AB E) Bombay phenotype

B) O

With which of the following would hemizygosity most likely be associated? A) incomplete dominance B) X-linked inheritance C) trihybrid crosses D) sex-limited inheritance E) codominance

B) X-linked inheritance

Name three modes of inheritance that are influenced by the sex of individuals. A) conditional alleles, sex-limited, X-linked B) X-linked, sex-influenced, sex-limited C) penetrance, X-limited inheritance, X-linked inheritance D) sex-influenced, epistasis, sex-limited E) epistasis, conditional alleles, expressivity

B) X-linked, sex-influenced, sex-limited

Multiple mutations that are found to be present in a single gene are said to belong to the same ________ group. A) transfer B) complementation C) expression D) phenotypic E) allelic

B) complementation

Which of the following is an example of codominance? A) a scorpion's venom is more potent when it's younger B) in roan cattle, you can see a mix or both red and white furs C) flowers of a certain plant can come in purple, blue, or yellow D) there are many possible mutations that lead to white eyes in flies E) a certain plant can have jagged, rough, or smooth edges on its leaves

B) in roan cattle, you can see a mix or both red and white furs

The trait for medium-sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PPȝ. Plants with large leaves are PP, whereas plants with small leaves are PȝPȝ. The trait for red flowers is controlled by the genes RR, pink by RRȝ, and white by RȝRȝ. A cross is made between two plants each with medium-sized leaves and pink flowers. If they produce 320 seedlings, what would be the expected phenotypes, and in what numbers would they be expected? Assume no linkage. A) 35 large, red; 35 medium, red; 35 small, red; 35 large, pink; 35 medium, pink; 35 small, pink; 35 large, white; 35 medium, white; 35 small, white B) 80 large, red; 40 medium, red; 20 small, red; 40 large, pink; 20 medium, pink; 40 small, pink; 20 large, white; 40 medium, white; 20 small, white C) 20 large, red; 40 medium, red; 20 small, red; 40 large, pink; 80 medium, pink; 40 small, pink; 20 large, white; 40 medium, white; 20 small, white D) 40 large, red; 20 medium, red; 40 small, red; 20 large, pink; 80 medium, pink; 20 small, pink; 40 large, white; 20 medium, white; 40 small, white E) 20 large, red; 40 medium, red; 20 small, red; 80 large, pink; 40 medium, pink; 40 small, pink; 20 large, white; 40 medium, white; 20 small, white

C) 20 large, red; 40 medium, red; 20 small, red; 40 large, pink; 80 medium, pink; 40 small, pink; 20 large, white; 40 medium, white; 20 small, white

The following coat colors are known to be determined by alleles at one locus in horses: palomino = golden coat with lighter mane and tail cremello = almost white chestnut = brown The following table gives ratios obtained in matings of the above varieties: Cross Parents Offspring 1 cremello x cremello all cremello 2 chestnut x chestnut all chestnut 3 cremello x chestnut all palomino 4 palomino x palomino 1/4 = chestnut 1/2 = palomino 1/4 cremello Assign gene symbols for the genetic control of coat color on the basis of these data. A) C1C1 = chestnut, C2C2 = palomino, C1C2 = cremello B) C1C1 = palomino, C2C2 = chestnut, C1C2 = cremello C) C1C1 = cremello, C2C2 = chestnut, C1C2 = palomino D) C1C1 = palomino, C2C2 = cremello, C1C2 = chestnut E) C1C1 = chestnut, C2C2 = cremello, C1C2 = palomino

C) C1C1 = cremello, C2C2 = chestnut, C1C2 = palomino

Many of the color varieties of summer squash are determined by several interacting loci: AA or Aa gives white, aaBB or aaBb gives yellow, and aabb produces green. Crosses among heterozygotes give a 12:3:1 ratio. What type of gene interaction would account for these results? A) multiple alleles B) complementation C) epistasis D) conditional lethal E) incomplete dominance

C) epistasis

Typically, when one wishes to represent a gene, the symbol used is ________. A) in bold print B) underlined C) in italics D) in all upper case letters E) in all lowercase letters

C) in italics

A situation in which there are more than two alternative forms of a given gene would be called ________. A) alternation of generations B) hemizygosity C) multiple alleles D) incomplete dominance E) codominance

C) multiple alleles

The accompanying figure is a pedigree of a fairly common human hereditary trait in which the boxes represent males and the circles represent females. Shading symbolizes the abnormal phenotype. Given that one gene pair is involved, what is the inheritance pattern? (picture) A) sex-influenced inheritance B) dominant, autosomal C) recessive, autosomal D) recessive, X linked E) dominant, X linked

C) recessive, autosomal

When two squash plants with disc-shaped fruit are crossed, depending on the genotype of the parents, disc, sphere, and long fruits may be seen in the offspring. This is an example of ________. A) heterogenous trait B) epistasis C) two gene interaction with novel phenotypes D) complementation E) dominant lethal

C) two gene interaction with novel phenotypes

In mice, there is a set of multiple alleles of a gene for coat color. Four of those alleles are as follows: C = full color (wild type) c ch = chinchilla cd = dilution c = albino Given that the gene locus is not sex-linked and that each allele is dominant to those lower in the list, give the phenotypic ratios expected from the following cross. chinchilla (heterozygous for albino) × albino A) 1 chinchilla : 2 albino B) 2 chinchilla : 1 albino C) 1 full color : 1 chinchilla : 1 albino D) 1 chinchilla :1 albino E) 1 dilution : 1 chinchilla : 1 albino

D) 1 chinchilla :1 albino

The following F2 results occur from a typical dihybrid cross: purple: A_B_ 9/16 white: aaB_ 3/16 white: A_bb 3/16 white: aabb 1/1 If a double heterozygote (AaBb) is crossed with a fully recessive organism (aabb), what phenotypic ratio is expected in the offspring? A) 3 purple : 1 white B) 12 purple : 4 white C) 9 purple : 7 white D) 1 purple : 3 white E) 1 purple : 1 white

D) 1 purple : 3 white

With incomplete dominance, a likely ratio resulting from a monohybrid cross would be ________. A) 3:3 B) 9:3:3:1 C) 1:2:2:4 D) 1:2:1 E) 3:1

D) 1:2:1

Which of the following statements is true? A) Expressivity is the term used to describe the balanced genetic output from a hemizygous condition. B) Genomic imprinting occurs when one allele converts another. C) Penetrance specifically refers to the expression of lethal genes in heterozygotes. D) Genomic anticipation refers to observations that a genetic disorder occurs at an earlier age in successive generations, whereas genetic imprinting occurs when gene expression varies depending on parental origin. E) The term expressivity defines the percentage of individuals who show at least some degree of expression of a mutant genotype.

D) Genomic anticipation refers to observations that a genetic disorder occurs at an earlier age in successive generations, whereas genetic imprinting occurs when gene expression varies depending on parental origin

What is a heterogenous trait? A) a trait in which different sexes have different manifestations of severity B) a trait in which the phenotype differs based on the environment C) a trait in which offspring show a more severe phenotype depending on which parent donates the allele D) a trait in which many genes can potentially be mutated to lead to the same phenotype E) a trait that differs, but not based on environmental conditions

D) a trait in which many genes can potentially be mutated to lead to the same phenotype

A ________ is one whose expression is influenced by some environmental condition. A) X-linked allele B) multiple allele C) positional effect D) conditional mutant E) expressive allele

D) conditional mutant

Because of the mechanism of sex determination, males of many species can be neither homozygous nor heterozygous. Such males are said to be ________. A) recessive B) complementary C) dominant D) hemizygous E) None of the answers listed are correct.

D) hemizygous

Alleles that are masked by an epistatic locus are said to be ________ to the genes at that locus. A) functional B) auxotrophic C) conditional D) hypostatic E) complementary

D) hypostatic

The ABO blood group locus in humans provides an example of ________. A) epistasis B) auxotrophy C) incomplete dominance D) multiple alleles E) conditional alleles

D) multiple alleles

With ________, there will be more than two genetic alternatives for a given locus. A) incomplete dominance B) epistasis C) codominance D) multiple alleles E) gain of function mutant

D) multiple alleles

Which of the following crosses would indicate that the mutants were in the same complementation group? A) red eye fly × red eye fly -> 3 : 1 ratio B) pink eye fly × pink eye fly -> all white eye offspring C) pink eye fly × white eye fly -> all white eyes D) pink eye fly × pink eye fly -> pink eye fly E) pink eye fly × pink eye fly -> purple eye flies

D) pink eye fly × pink eye fly -> pink eye fly

Many of the color varieties of summer squash are determined by several interacting loci: AA or Aa gives white, aaBB or aaBb gives yellow, and aabb produces green. Assume that two fully heterozygous plants are crossed. Give the phenotypes (with frequencies) of the offspring. A) 12 white : 1 yellow : 3 green B) 9 white : 3 yellow : 4 green C) 4 white :9 yellow : 3 green D) 3 white : 9 yellow : 4 green E) 12 white : 3 yellow : 1 green

E) 12 white : 3 yellow : 1 green

What would be a typical phenotypic monohybrid ratio in which a lethal allele is involved? A) 9:3:3:1 B) 3:1 C) 6:2:3:1 D) 13:5 E) 2:1

E) 2:1

Which of the following ratio is not likely to occur in crosses (F2) when one is dealing with two interacting, epistatic gene pairs? A) 9:7 B) 9:3:4 C) 15:1 D) 12:3:1 E) 3:1

E) 3:1

Which of the following is true? A) A neutral mutation leads to a phenotype that can help or hurt the organism depending on the environment. B) A mutation in the DNA can be observed at the macroscopic level even if there's no change in phenotype. C) Each biochemical pathway is governed by one gene. D) A neutral allele leads to a change in function in a protein that neither harms nor helps an organism. E) A neutral mutation leads to no discernable phenotype.

E) A neutral mutation leads to no discernable phenotype.

What is a significant difference between X-linked and sex-influenced inheritances? A) X-limited inheritance is only recessive. Sex-influenced inheritance can be recessive or dominant. B) There are no differences. They are the same. C) Sex-influenced inheritance requires epistasis. X-linked inheritance does not. D) X-linked inheritance affects females and sex-influenced inheritance affects males. E) In X-linked inheritance, the gene in question is on the X chromosome; in sex-influenced inheritance, the gene is autosomal.

E) In X-linked inheritance, the gene in question is on the X chromosome; in sex-influenced inheritance, the gene is autosomal.

Comb shape in chickens represents one of the classic examples of gene interaction. Two gene pairs interact to influence the shape of the comb. The genes for rose comb (R) and pea comb (P) together produce walnut comb. The fully homozygous recessive condition (rrpp) produces the single comb. Assume that a rose-comb chicken is crossed with a walnut-comb chicken and the following offspring are produced: 17 walnut, 16 rose, 7 pea, and 6 single. What are the probable genotypes of the parents? A) RRPP × Rrpp B) rrpp × RrPp C) RrPp × RRPP D) rrPP × RRpp E) Rrpp × RrPp

E) Rrpp × RrPp

Which of the following is an example of sex-limited inheritance? A) cat fur length B) human baldness C) hair color in humans D) hemophilia E) beard formation in humans

E) beard formation in humans

A condition in which one gene pair masks the expression of a nonallelic gene pair is called ________. A) recessiveness B) additive alleles C) dominance D) codominance E) epistasis

E) epistasis

What term is used to express the idea that several genes exert influence over the same characteristic? A) coextension B) terminal interaction C) co-adhesion D) transformation E) gene interaction

E) gene interaction

The trait of medium-sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PPȝ. Plants with large leaves are PP, whereas plants with small leaves are PȝPȝ. A cross is made between two plants each with medium-sized leaves. What is the term for this allelic relationship? A) epistasis B) multiple alleles C) codominance D) positional effect E) incomplete dominance

E) incomplete dominance

A mutation in a gene often results in a reduction of the product of that gene. The term for this type of mutation is ________. A) codominance B) multiple allelism C) incomplete dominance D) gain of function E) loss of function or null (in the case of complete loss)

E) loss of function or null (in the case of complete loss)

What is the term for a gene mutation that leads to a myriad of disparate effects? A) multiple allele B) expressivity C) lethal allele D) complementation E) pleiotropy

E) pleiotropy

Assume that a mutation occurs in the gene responsible for the production of hexosaminidase A, such that only about 50% of the enzyme activity is found in the heterozygote compared with a homozygous normal individual. If heterozygotes are phenotypically normal, we would say that the mutant allele is ________ to its normal allele. A) auxotrophic B) epistatic C) gain of function D) dominant E) recessive

E) recessive

What is the most prevalent form of an allele called? A) recessive B) neutral C) dominant D) normal E) wild type

E) wild type

Two forms of hemophilia are determined by genes on the X chromosome in humans. Assume that a phenotypically normal woman whose father had hemophilia is married to a normal man. What is the probability that their first daughter will have hemophilia? A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 100% D) 1/3 E) zero

E) zero