Chapter 4 Quiz

Children who are wary of new people, environments, and objects and are always on guard against potential threats show a pattern of:

behavioral inhibition

Parents who rescue their inhibited child by answering questions on their child's behalf or allowing their child to stay home from school when the child feels nervous are:

being overprotective and likely promoting lifelong anxiety in their child.

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the fear circuit as the cause of generalized anxiety disorder?

biological

Exposure treatments include:

desensitization, flooding and modeling.

Which psychological perspective understands anxiety disorders by examining temperament, parenting, and life stress?

developmental psychopathology

The MOST common theme that runs through the thoughts of people troubled by obsessive thinking appears to be:

dirt or contamination

Marcus's therapist has instructed him to, for the next two weeks, drop his fork on the contaminated floor and then use the fork to eat his meal. What type of therapy is Marcus undergoing?

exposure and response prevention

The term phobia comes from the Greek word for:

fear

Studies have found that people who scored high on anxiety-sensitivity surveys are up to _____ times more likely than others to develop panic disorder.

five

John is being forced to face his fear of snakes without any relaxation training or gradual buildup. The exposure treatment he is undergoing is known as:

flooding

Marta is presenting with excessive worry about multiple matters; has difficulty controlling the worry; is easily fatigued, restless, and irritable; and has not been sleeping well. Marta may be suffering from _____ disorder.

generalized anxiety

People with _____ disorder experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything.

generalized anxiety

Trichotillomania is an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder that has _____ as the main symptom.

hair-pulling

In DSM-5, what disorders have been assigned as obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?

hair-pulling disorder, hoarding disorder and excoriation disorder.

This psychological perspective holds that generalized anxiety disorder may develop when a person repeatedly denies her true thoughts, emotions, and behavior, making her unable to fulfill her potential.

humanistic

Panic disorder tends to develop in this time of life

late adolescence or early adulthood

Initially, cognitive-behavioral theorists suggested that generalized anxiety disorder is primarily caused by _____ assumptions.

maladaptive

Dr. Clark is helping Theresa recognize her inclination to worry and helping her come to accept it. This type of therapy is called:

mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy

Jake's father was always afraid of going to the dentist, so it came as no surprise when Jake started showing these same fears. Jake's response is known as:

modeling

Requesting special reassurance from others, deliberately thinking "good" thoughts, washing one's hands, or checking for possible sources of danger are known as _____ acts.

neutralizing

What term is used for the rush of fear that people experience when they realize they are disconnected from the world, friends, and family?

nomophobia

Early research linked _____ and the locus coeruleus to panic attacks

norepinephrine

Early research linked _____ and the locus coeruleus to panic attacks.

norepinephrine

Persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person's mind are referred to as:

obsessions

In this disorder, a person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a need to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Controlled studies have typically found psychodynamic treatments to be of _____ help to persons with generalized anxiety disorder.

only modest

Panic attacks have been linked to abnormal activity in the:

panic circuit

Which anxiety disorder has a female-to-male ratio of 5 to 2 in prevalence?

panic disorder

What has been found to increase anxiety?

peer pressure, overprotective parenting and poverty

Agoraphobia is MOST common among _____.

poor people

Social anxiety disorder is MORE common in

poor people

The evolutionary predisposition to develop certain fears is known as:

preparedness

This therapy helps clients identify and change the irrational assumptions and irrational thinking that help cause their psychological disorder.

rational-emotive therapy

Both children and adults may be diagnosed with what?

separation anxiety disorder

Excoriation is an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder that has _____ as the main symptom.

skin-picking

Marcy is participating in a therapy session in which she is role-playing and rehearsing desirable behaviors that she can perform when dealing with others. Marcy is engaging in _____ skills training.

social

Lisa does not like to speak in front of others; in fact, she cannot tolerate public speaking, because she starts worrying that she will embarrass herself. Lisa may be suffering from:

social anxiety disorder

Which psychological perspective holds that living in unsafe neighborhoods is a risk factor for generalized anxiety disorder?

sociocultural

Controlled studies have shown that, as a treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, humanistic therapy has offered _____ support.

some

Within a year, the MOST commonly occurring anxiety disorder is:

specific phobia

Which therapeutic approach has been MOST successful for treating specific phobias?

the cognitive-behavioral approach

Which psychological perspective offers the LEADING explanation for the cause of social anxiety disorder?

the cognitive-behavioral perspective

In the United States, the rate of generalized anxiety disorder is _____ as high among people with low incomes as among those with higher incomes.

twice

In a number of international studies, _____ of participants given cognitive-behavioral treatments become free of panic attacks.

two-thirds

Between _____ percent of people in the United States and other countries throughout the world suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder in any given year.

1 and 2%

What are the odds that you will be the victim of a violent crime?

1 in 322

In any given year, _____ percent of the population experience agoraphobia.

1.7

Each year, close to _____ percent of all people in the United States have the symptoms of a specific phobia.

10

_____ is a behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread.

Systematic desensitization

All of these are benzodiazepines

Valium, Ativan and Xanax

in vivo exposure

a behavioral therapy method that consists of direct exposure to a feared or avoided situation or stimulus

What are drug therapies for treating generalized anxiety disorder?

antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and antidepressants

_____ is defined as the central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger.

anxiety

This is a tendency to focus on one's bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful.

anxiety sensitivity

This theory holds that people with generalized anxiety disorder have greater bodily arousal than other people, and that worrying actually serves to reduce this arousal—perhaps by distracting these individuals from their unpleasant physical feelings.

avoidance theory

Surveys indicate that around _____ percent of people in the United States develop social anxiety disorder in their lifetime.

13

Almost _____ percent of individuals develop a specific phobia in their lifetime.

14

Studies have shown that _____ percent of the relatives of people with generalized anxiety disorder display the disorder themselves.

15

In any given year, around _____ percent of the adult population suffers from one or another of the anxiety disorders identified in DSM-5.

18

More than _____ percent of all people in the United States develop panic disorder at some time in their life.

5

The ratio of men to women who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is:

1:1

At some point in their lives, around _____ percent of all people develop one or another of the anxiety disorders identified in DSM-5.

29

Women with specific phobias outnumber men by

2:1

As many as _____ percent of people develop obsessive-compulsive disorder at some point during their lives.

3

Of people with generalized anxiety disorder, _____ percent experience some reduction of symptoms when taking benzodiazepines.

60

Of people with social anxiety disorder, _____ percent are women.

60

Surveys suggest that, in any given year, around _____ percent of the U.S. population have symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

4

It is estimated that more than _____ percent of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder seek treatment.

40

Surveys indicate that around _____ percent of individuals with panic disorder in the United States are currently in treatment.

59

In the United States, _____ percent of people experience social anxiety disorder in a given year.

8

He argued that people with generalized anxiety disorder constantly hold silent assumptions that imply they are in imminent danger.

Aaron Beck

According to psychodynamic theorists, Sigmund Freud traced obsessive-compulsive disorder to the _____ stage of development.

Anal

He believed that generalized anxiety disorder may arise in individuals who, as children, did not experience unconditional positive regard from others and developed conditions of worth.

Carl Rogers

types of compulsions

Cleaning Checking Symmetry Touching Verbal Counting Hoarding

The humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers, in which clinicians try to help clients by being accepting, empathizing accurately, and conveying genuineness, is known as _____-centered therapy.

Client-centered

Benzodiazepine receptors ordinarily receive _____, a common neurotransmitter in the brain.

GABA

Which neurotransmitters have been found to be related to generalized anxiety disorder?

GABA, dopamine and serotonin

_____ exposure is found to be more effective than _____ exposure in treating specific phobias.

In vivo; covert

Systematic desensitization was a technique developed by:

Joseph Wolpe

Little Albert's fear of white rats was evidence that phobias can be:

Learned

Which group is LEAST likely to experience generalized anxiety disorder?

Males

Dr. Napolitano is petting a cat in front of her client, Maria. She then encourages Maria to pet the cat as well. This is known as:

Modeling

In the United States, _____ individuals are more likely than other ethnic groups to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder.

Non-Hispanic white

For over a month, Jill has been experiencing recurring periods of shortness of breath, sweating, trembling, faintness, and a feeling of unreality. She may be suffering from:

Panic Disorder

Which neurotransmitter has NOT been found to be related to generalized anxiety disorder?

acetylcholine

According to the textbook, panic disorder is often accompanied by

agoraphobia

Kevin is afraid to leave the house and travel to public places or other locations where escape might be difficult for him. He suffers from:

agoraphobia

This is the fear of being in public places or situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like symptoms were to occur.

agoraphobia

Within a year, the LEAST common occurring anxiety disorder is:

agoraphobia

What type of drug is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder?

an antidepressant drug

Research has found that having _____ is a risk factor for people developing anxiety-related disorder

an inhibited temperament

Research has found that having _____ is a risk factor for people developing anxiety-related disorders.

an inhibited temperament

In the 1960s, clinicians discovered that symptoms of panic disorder could be alleviated by _____ drugs.

antidepressant

What therapy has not successfully helped alleviate social fears in individuals.

client-centered therapy

More and more individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder are now being treated with a combination of drug and _____ therapy.

cognitive-behavioral

This type of therapy has been found to be at least as helpful as medication for treating panic disorder.

cognitive-behavioral

What is the BIGGEST fear in today's world?

corruption of government officials

Which brain circuit seems to be hyperactive in individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder?

cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit