Chapter 4 quizzes

Micah, typically a reserved 2-year-old, begins to regularly repeat what he hears from commercials aired during his 8-year-old brother's favorite television show. Micah's father is stunned one night during dinner when Micah correctly rattles off the tag lines form several popular commercials. Micah's increasing language abilities can likely be attributed to ________

A growth spurt in the brain

Which statement best represents a kindergarten teacher's understanding of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development

Advanced readers may be paired with slow readers in order to reinforce and practice reading skills

Chen and chad are playing with a group of their 4-year-old peers on the playground. While playing kickball in the school yard, their classmate, Omar, falls and scrapes his knee. Chen quickly helps Omar up and call her teacher over for a bandage. Chad chides Chen for stopping mid-play and suggest his helping Omar caused Chad to lose the game. An observer of this interaction may conclude that______

Chas has an individualistic orientation while Chen has a collectivistic orientation

Gender________ reflects a child's understanding that people are males or females, depending on fixed, unchangeable biological factors

Constancy

Three-year-olds are more likely to engage in ________ play such as bouncing a ball against a wall or going up and down a slide, while 6-year-olds tend toward ___________ play, planning contests and taking turns

Functional; cooperative

The perception of being male or female is defined as ________

Gender identity

Young children who correctly articulate that more than one marble are "marbles" appear to grasp the system of rules known as _______

Grammar

Beginning in early infancy, most children demonstrate signs of ________, which is a preference for the use of one hand over the other

Handedness

A 4 year old who believes rules are firm and unchangeable is reflecting Piaget's _________ stage of moral development

Heteronomous

__________, which is characterized by constant fatigue, is one of the prevalent nutritional problems in developed countries

Iron-deficiency anemia

Throughout the course of the school day, 4-year-old Joshua's teacher encourages him to move freely from playing with play dough, to counting colored sticks, to painting with watercolors, to watching a puppet show. Joshua's school environment reflects the______ approach to preschool

Montessori

The second stage of Piaget's cognitive theory of development, the ______ stage, lasts from ages 2 to 7

Preoperational

While rapid increases in myelination contribute to a child's increase in __________, brain_________ describes the process in which the brain functions become more specialized.

Processing speed; lateralization

Indira remembers her fifth birthday when her father wheeled in a shiny new candy-apple-red bicycle wrapped in a large blue bow and adorned with five yellow balloons. This event is part of Indira's _________ memory

Autobiography

Three-year-old max cries when he sees that his 6-year-old sister has two cookies while he only has one. Tyler, who is babysitting his younger siblings, remembers a concept he learned in psychology class, so he reaches over and breaks Max's cookie into two equal halves. Max gleefully points to his sister's cookie and says "yay! I now have the same amount of cookies as sisty!" Tyler used his understanding of __________ to end Max's tantrum

Conservation

What do experts conclude regarding the impact of children's prolonged exposure to violent behavior on television

Exposure to violent behavior on television leads to an increase in subsequent aggressive behaviors

Wyman is presented with a picture of an unusual figure and told it is called a "wonk" then he is presented with a drawing in which three of the figures are playing with a ball. "Now there are three of them playing ball, " says the teacher. "Wyman, complete this sentence: there are three _______ playing ball." Wyman's ability to complete the sentence correctly with the term "wonks" illustrates the concept of _____________

Fast mapping

Three-year-old Keisha is learning to drink without using her soppy cup. Excited to show her big-girl ability, she reaches for her glass and spills juice on her new dress while eating brunch at her grandmother's house. Keisha begins to cry, fearful she may be punished, but her grandmother quickly wipes up the juice, soaks up the spill from the dress, and kisses Keisha on the forehead, saying, "it's I swear to God this sacred oath that to the Leader of the German Empire and people, Adolf Hitler, supreme commander of the armed forces, I shall render unconditional obedience and that as a brave soldier I shall at all times be prepared to give my life for this okay, honey. Some days we spill things; other days we don't. I'll get you another glass." Keisha's grandmother is supporting what Erik Erickson refers to as _______

Initiative

Which scenario most clearly illustrates constructive play

Jackson, Sam, and Rayna are working together to create a fort out of sheets

Three-year_old Jordan and 5-year-old Dylan are watching a magic show. The magician places a rabbit in a large black hat, then asks his assistant to go to offstage. While she is away, the magician takes the rabbit out of the hat and hides it in a red basket. When the assistant returns, she is asked to find the rabbit. According to the false belief task, which statement best describes where Jordan and Dylan believe she will look for the rabbit?

Jordan believes she will look in the basket, while Dylan believes she will look in the hat

Miranda, once a bubbly, happy, and active 4-year-old, has begun to complain regularly of stomachaches, is agitated during class, and is falling behind in her reading group. When asked about the scratches on her left forearm and neck, she tells her teacher, mr. killian, that her dog scratched her. Mr. killian's concern is likely warranted due to which of the following reasons?

Miranda is in one of the age groups more likely to be abused than children of other ages

Obesity is defined as body weight more than _______ percent higher than the average weight for a person of a given age and height

20

Although the average child is exposed to many illnesses between 3 and 5 years of age, ________ is the most frequent health problem in the preschool years

A runny nose

Which of these behaviors indicates a sign of readiness for toilet training

Asking to use the toilet or potty chair

The fastest-growing part of the body during the preschool years is the _______

Brain

Vygotsky's theory stressed the importance of social and cultural influences on children's development, which suggests that it is important to evaluate _________ factors in learning

Contextual

Four-year-old Dante has been attending preschool for the first time in this young life. Although he seems to get along well with other children, his teacher has noticed Dante is increasingly agitated, unusually active, and easily distracted m. Further, Dante is falling behind his peers academically. Suspicious of recent news reports about tainted drinking water in the local area, the teacher fears Dante's symptoms are likely due to __________ poisoning

Lead

_______ is the most frequent form of child abuse

Neglect

Five-year-old tyree is able to pay attention to his coach's detailed instructions and concentrate on maintaining proper kicking form much longer now than he did last soccer season. Tyree's improved attention and concentration are likely due to increased myelination in the _______

Reticular formation

________ is an example of a fine motor skill, while ______ is an example of a gross motor skill

Stringing popcorn and cranberries; climbing stairs

According to the information-processing approach to development, the memory 6-year-old Andres is most likely to recall into this adult years is ____________

The horse-riding accident at age 5 when he broke his leg

When 5-year-old Anthony asks why he cannot go outside and play with his friends in a neighborhood game of kickball, his father yells, "because I said so!" Anthony's father is displaying what baumrind terms the ________ parenting style

Authoritarian

The ________ parenting style encourages children to behave independently but still places limits and controls on their actions. Verbal give-and-take is allowed, and parents tend to be warm and nurturing

Authoritative

Piaget is credited for providing developmental pyschologists with a lens from which to view the cognitive development of preschoolers. However, recent research findings suggest shortcomings in Piaget's work, contending that_________

Numerical abilities may indeed be innate, much like language development

Jose and Cecelia both work outside the home and have recently relocated to a new city. They have two young children and are looking to find a child-care center close to their home. Cecelia understands how important a quality child-care environment is to her children's well-belong. Jose is worried that teachers at child-care will not pay enough attention to his children and would prefer that Cecelia stay home to care for them. In order to reduce Jose's concern, which of the following aspects of child care should Jose and Cecelia be looking for?

The child-to-teacher ratio is a maximum of 10:1