Chapter 4 Test
He urged the colonies to get their act together and decide how they were going to fight the French if a war broke out; called for an act of union between the 13 colonies
How did Ben Franklin play a part in this revolt?
1. Britain could enforce more thorough taxes in place - British Navy is authorized to search for smuggled goods & colonial ships were stopped regularly to look for illegal cargo; Writs of Assistance was granted - a search warrant issued by Admiralty Courts that allowed British Navy to search merchant ships for any illegal goods 2. English Parliament issued a series of new taxes on the colonies, including the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act
How did Britain decide they would collect more tax revenue from the colonies?
England made money through more complex systems - the Navigation Acts were put into place
How did England benefit from the colonies?
France made money through the fur trade
How did France benefit from the colonies?
Colonies enriched Spain by mining for gold
How did Spain benefit from the colonies?
Allowed for them to obtain cheap, raw materials from the colonies & allowed for more employment for people in England & England has monopoly/control in the marketplace
How did the Navigation Acts benefit England?
The realization that the colonies needed to become unified if a war was to break out and they had to fight their enemy
If Mercantilism was not that bad for the colonists, why did they choose to revolt against Britain?
Britain had to keep the colonists and Native Americans from fighting each other and the Proclamation Act was put in place (a line along the Appalachian Mountains which the colonists may not pass); English government appoint George Grenville to come up with ways to pay the costs of maintaining the huge British Empire; Grenville realizes the colonists are not paying enough taxes and were losing money due to their Salutary Neglect policy
What was the British Response to its reason to cause trouble with North American colonies?
The colonies were maturing and denied the Proclamation Act because it seemed to deny the fruits of victory and made them question England's motives toward them; Enforcement of taxes is resented; Mercantilism was accepted because its drawbacks were avoided but now colonists thought their money was being drained to England; Stamp Act pushed American resentment over the top
What was the Colonial Reaction to Britain's actions towards them?
Parliament has the right to laws binding in all cares whatsoever
What was the Declaratory Act?
A tax on paper goods from Britain onto the colonies such as wills, other legal documents, newspapers, and playing cards (if not followed it could result in murder)
What was the Stamp Act?
Tax made by the British on the colonies to prove their power over them on lead, glass and tea
What was the Townshend Tax?
Limited trade partners for the colonies & drain of "hard" currency (England only wanted gold and silver coins, therefore they would trade the colonists goods for them); debt that could never be paid off
What were some drawbacks/cons of Mercantilism in the colonies?
Riots were the least effective method and Britain responded to riots in Boston and NY by passing the Quartering Act; the Act allowed Britain to station troops in public facilities in colonial cities; this resulted in the Boston Massacre
What were the least effective method of protest? How did Britain respond to this method?
He was pointed by the King of England to be the leader of Parliament in England (Prime Minister); Pitt puts emphasis on the war effort on North America, even though there were other wars going on that he could have focused on instead. Invests very heavily on the North American War and appointed the very young General Wolfe (Wolfe had connections and expressed deference, therefore was young but assumed to be better than other options)
Who was William Pitt and what does he do? What were his motives?
Colonies could get the protection they wanted, the colonists could cheat their way to making money because England did not pay close attention to it (England benefitted by having slaves come over so they committed Salutary Neglect)
Why did the colonists accept England's acts of Mercantilism until the Revolution of 1776 - what were the benefits of Mercantilism in the Colonies?
Once England was given the power to charge the colonists with a tax for the paper that meant they owned it; if the people gave in they would have already admitted that England could then continue to tax them
Why is the Colonial paper shut down immediately?
More law and order
What are loyalist colonists?
Patriots, "Sons of Liberty"
What are radical colonists?
Stereotyping, misleading numbers, loaded words, card stacking
What are some elements of propaganda used?
Radical and Loyalist
What are the two types of colonists?
1. Colonists no longer need British protection from France and Spain; biggest benefit they gained from mercantilism (protection) is eliminated 2. France will be eager to get revenge against Britain. They will get their chance after 1776! 3. Britain is nearly bankrupt by the costs of the war and now have an Empire to administer
What are the unintended consequences to England following the battle?
England liked the Carolinas & Southern Colonies, Middle Colonies were okay, and they did not like New England
What colonies did England like?
The Boston Massacre
What did Britain's response to the riots lead to?
Colonists resisted the Townshend Tax and said it was to raise money for England only and was no different from the Stamp Act; colonists continued boycotting
What did the colonists do to resist England/for protest?
Argues that the colonies only exist to enrich the "mother country"
What does Mercantilism argue?
British soldiers generally treated colonial soldiers with contempt as if they were so much better, completely ignoring the colonists' exceptional bravery; Colonists resented this treatment and regarded themselves as equal Englishmen to those living in England; Americans are just as good as everyone else!
What further consequences following this battle/war that would not take place until a little later in the future with the Revolution?
Parliament did not accept the colonial argument about no taxation without representation and continued to pass new taxes on the colonies
What is England's view upon the Colonial resentment?
The Navigation Acts were not always enforced when the cost of enforcement exceeded the benefits, as a result the colonists did not suffer a loss of wealth as much as it seems and northern and southern merchants benefitted from the slave trade; Britain was busy with issues in Europe and did not concern themselves with the cheating ways of the colonies
What is Salutary Neglect?
Peace Treaty - Britain takes all land France had that was East of the Mississippi; land west of Mississippi was given to Spain; England has pretty much conquered the world at this point in history
What is the Peace of Paris?
British are victorious and eliminated France from North America
What is the outcome of this entire battle?
The General had to attack the weakest parts of other countries and French was weakest in Quebec so English traveled there; Capturing Quebec was important because it would be the turning point in the war (would allow for England to take control of the river and cause other French settlements to die because the river was the main source of gaining resources and goods)
What occurred wit hate Battle of Quebec in 1758 and why was this battle so important?
Parliament passed these acts that stated: 1. No foreign ships could trade in the English Empire/all trade had to be carried on English ships 2. All goods produced in the colonies had to be sold in England/no colonist could directly sell their products to another country 3. Certain taxes were placed on colonial trade to help the British Navy pay the cost of enforcing all of these new regulations
What was England's Navigation Acts?
1754...Plan is not implemented & nothing happens; proves further how not unified the colonies were (something would change because the colonies then came together later to revolt...)
What was Franklin's Plan of Union?
