Chapter 4: The Living Fabric

Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands? A) Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process. B) Apocrine cells are destroyed, then replaced, after secretion. C) Holocrine cells are slightly damaged by the secretory process, but repair themselves. D) These glands are ductless.

A) Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.

Cell types likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue include all except ________. A) chondrocytes B) fibroblasts C) macrophages D) mast cells

A) chondrocytes

What feature characterizes simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract? A) dense microvilli B) a rich vascular supply C) fibroblasts D) cilia

A) dense microvilli

Which tissue type arises from all three embryonic germ layers? A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscle tissue

A) epithelial tissue

Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells? A) goblet cells B) mast cells C) macrophages D) cilia

A) goblet cells

What are the three main components of connective tissue? A) ground substance, fibers, and cells B) alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers D) fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts

A) ground substance, fibers, and cells

Which is true concerning muscle tissue? A) highly cellular and well vascularized B) cuboidal shape enhances function C) contains contractile units made of collagen D) is a single-celled tissue

A) highly cellular and well vascularized

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium ________. A) lines the respiratory tract B) aids in digestion C) possesses no goblet cells D) is not an epithelial classification

A) lines the respiratory tract

Which statement best describes connective tissue? A) usually contains a large amount of matrix B) always arranged in a single layer of cells C) primarily concerned with secretion D) usually lines a body cavity

A) usually contains a large amount of matrix

________ tissue forms the framework for the lamina propria of mucous membranes.

Areolar or loose connective

Matrix is composed of ________. A) cells and fibers B) fibers and ground substance C) ground substance and cells D) all organic compounds

B) fibers and ground substance

Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium? A) microvilli B) Golgi bodies C) lysosomes D) multiple nuclei

B) Golgi bodies

Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair. A) Granulation tissue is highly susceptible to infection. B) Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable. C) Granulation tissue is another name for a blood clot. D) The clot is formed from dried blood and transposed collagen fibers.

B) Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. A) It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix. B) Its primary function is nutrient storage. C) Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. D) Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus.

B) Its primary function is nutrient storage.

Select the correct statement regarding multicellular exocrine glands. A) Compound glands are so called because they are constructed from more than one cell type. B) The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing. C) Exocrine glands always lack ducts. D) Merocrine glands release their secretion by pinching off part of the cell.

B) The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing.

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________. A) elastic B) collagen C) reticular D) muscle

B) collagen

The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength to absorb shock is because they possess ________. A) hydroxyapatite crystals B) collagen fibers C) reticular fibers D) elastic fibers

B) collagen fibers

The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________. A) adipose tissue B) elastic cartilage C) hyaline cartilage D) fibrocartilage

B) elastic cartilage

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________. A) exocrine B) endocrine C) sebaceous D) ceruminous

B) endocrine

Epithelial tissue ________. A) is highly vascularized B) has a basement membrane C) is usually acellular D) contains a number of neuron types

B) has a basement membrane

In adults, new surface epithelial cells and the epithelial cells lining the intestine are derived from _________. A) mitotic division of existing epithelial cells B) stem cells C) underlying epithelial cells D) components of the connective tissue

B) stem cells

Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n) ________. A) organ B) tissue C) organism D) organ system

B) tissue

21) Chondroblasts ________. A) are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae B) within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix C) located deep to the perichondrium divide and secrete new matrix on the internal portions of the cartilage D) never lose their ability to divide

B) within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix

Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue? A) Elastin fibers are sometimes called white fibers. B) When connective tissue is stretched, collagen gives it the ability to snap back. C) Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength. D) Reticular fibers form thick, ropelike structures.

C) Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength.

Which of the following is true about epithelia? A) Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion. B) Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. C) Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs. D) Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.

C) Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic or fibrocartilage? A) It is more vascularized. B) It contains more nuclei. C) Fibers are not normally visible. D) It has more elastic fibers.

C) Fibers are not normally visible.

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. A) Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers. B) Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells. C) Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important. D) Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another.

C) Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

Select the correct statement regarding factors that affect the tissue repair process. A) The type of tissue injured is not an important factor. B) Nutrition does not seem to influence tissue repair. C) The age of the person is a factor in the repair process. D) The health of an individual does not seem to make any difference in the speed of repair.

C) The age of the person is a factor in the repair process.

Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone? A) live cells B) lacunae C) blood vessels D) organic fibers

C) blood vessels

An epithelial membrane ________. A) usually involves transitional epithelium B) is formed of epithelium and smooth muscle C) contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane D) never contains mucus-forming cells

C) contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane

Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in ________ connective tissue. A) areolar B) dense regular C) embryonic D) reticular

C) embryonic

Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified ________. A) structurally into alveolar and acinar types B) structurally into vascular and avascular types C) functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions D) functionally into secreting or nonsecreting types

C) functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions

The first step in tissue repair involves ________. A) replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells B) proliferation of fibrous connective tissue C) inflammation D) formation of scar tissue

C) inflammation

Which of these is not considered connective tissue? A) cartilage B) adipose C) muscle D) blood

C) muscle

What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels? A) cartilage tissue B) fibrocartilaginous tissue C) osseous tissue D) areolar tissue

C) osseous tissue

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue? A) simple squamous B) transitional C) simple columnar D) stratified squamous

C) simple columnar

Which of the following is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes? A) simple transitional B) simple columnar C) simple squamous D) simple cuboidal

C) simple squamous

________ live in the lacunae of cartilage.

Chondrocytes

Select the correct statement regarding the cells of connective tissue. A) Connective tissue does not contain cells. B) Connective tissue cells are nondividing. C) Chondroblasts are the main cell type of connective tissue proper. D) "Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells.

D) "Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells.

________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. A) Stratified cuboidal B) Stratified columnar C) Transitional D) Pseudostratified columnar

D) Pseudostratified columnar

Mammary glands exhibit a glandular type called ________. A) simple tubular B) compound tubular C) simple alveolar D) compound alveolar

D) compound alveolar

What are glycosaminoglycans? A) positively charged proteins B) negatively charged proteins C) positively charged polysaccharides D) negatively charged polysaccharides

D) negatively charged polysaccharides

A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________. A) simple cuboidal B) simple squamous C) transitional D) stratified squamous

D) stratified squamous

A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.

FALSE

Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

FALSE

Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.

FALSE

Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.

FALSE

Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities.

FALSE

Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle.

FALSE

Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.

FALSE

Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.

FALSE

Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.

FALSE

Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement.

FALSE

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is moderately rare in the body and found only in the pharynx, larynx, and anorectal junction.

FALSE

Sweat glands are apocrine glands.

FALSE

The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.

FALSE

________ muscle cells are multinucleated.

Skeletal

Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

TRUE

Brown fat is frequently deposited between the shoulder blades of infants.

TRUE

Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.

TRUE

Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium.

TRUE

Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.

TRUE

Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

TRUE

Goblet cells are found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

TRUE

Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.

TRUE

Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually associated with secretion and absorption.

TRUE

Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.

TRUE

Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.

TRUE

The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

TRUE

All epithelial tissue rests upon a(n) ________ composed of connective tissue.

basement membrane

Cardiac muscle tissue is single nucleated, has intercalated discs, and is ________.

branched

The salivary glands are a good example of a(n) ________ exocrine gland.

compound tubuloalveolar

The uppermost layer of skin is composed of ________.

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Kidney tubules are composed of ________ epithelium.

simple cuboidal

Multiple rows of cells covering a tissue in which the cells are the same shape from the basement membrane to the surfaces would be ________ epithelia.

transitional