Chapter 4 The Spread Of Islam

Whats a minaret?

A narrow tower from which Muslims pray.

After Muhammads death, ---- became the next leader of Islam.

Abu Bakr

What feauture of Arabia gave Muslim merchants access to many parts of the world?

Arabias crossroads location gave Muslim merchants easy access to South Asia, Europe, and Africa.

How were government and society organized in the Ottoman Empire?

As a ruler the Sultan made all major decisions. Below the Sultan society was organized into two classes- a ruling class and all others. Non muslims were organized into religious communities called millets that had their own leaders and religous laws.

------ became the capital of the Islamic Empire in 762 and was seen as a center of culture and learning.

Baghdad

The -----, the native population of North Africa, converted to Islam and joined the Arabs in their efforts to spread their religion.

Berbers

In what ways were the religious beliefs of the Safavid and Ottoman empires similar and different?

Bothe empires were muslim. The Safavid were Shia. The Ottomans were Sunnis.

Where did the Mughals come from?

Central Asia.

What two religious groups shared some beliefs with Muslims?

Christians and Jews.

The Muslim city of ------ was the capital of what is now Spain, and was the largest and mos advanced city in Europe.

Cordoba

What's calligraphy.

Decorative writing.

How was Mehmed 2 able to conquer Constantinople?

He used huge cannons.

A Muslim explorer named ------- traveled to Africa, India, China, and Spain.

Ibn Battutah

How did Muslim culture change as Islam spread?

It blended with other cultures by adopting som of their customs.

How was the spread of the Arabic language important to the spread of Islam?

It enabled other cultures to read sacred texts of Islam. It also allowed others to communicate better with the Arabs.

What is religious tolerance and how did Muslims practice it?

It's acceptance of other religions. They let conquered people continue to practice their faith.

The slave soldiers conquered by the Ottomans and converted to Islam were called ------.

Janissaries

What two important Muslim holy cities came under Ottoman rule?

Mecca and Medina.

------ led the Ottoman forces to capture Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire.

Mehmed 2

Muslims in Spain were called the -------.

Moors

The -------- were Turkish Muslims from Central Asia.

Mughal

How were the Muslims able to conquer both the Persians and the Byzantine empires?

Muslim armies were to strong. The Persian and Byzantine armies were weak after years of fighting.

---- was one of the most famous Sufi poets, who hid his deep thoughts about God and life and instead wrote poems that described lovely, happy scenes.

Omar Khayyam

What two cultural traditions did the Safavid Empire blend?

Persian and Muslim traditions.

How did Akbar's policies help to unify the Mughal Empire?

Policy of tolerance helped unite the empire and make it peaceful.

After the split of Islam into two groups, the ----- were the Safavid leaders.

Shia

What are patrons?

Sponsors.

---- was a new style of Islam that focused on having a personal relationship with God.

Sufism

During the rule of ---------- the Ottomans took control of the Mediterranean and pushed farther into Europe.

Suleyman 1

An Ottoman ruler is called a -----.

Sultan

The Ottomans were -------- when Islam split into two groups.

Sunni

The ------ is a dazzling palace built in the 1600s by emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife.

Taj Mahal

What region did the Muslims first unify and who was the caliph who led this unification?

The Muslims first unified Arabia. The Caliph who led this unification was Abu Bakr.

How do the Sunnis and Shia differ?

The Shia believed caliphs had to be members of Muhammads family. The Sunnis didn't belive the calphs to be related to Muhammad.

How did Muslims in Cordoba influence Europe?

The University drew students from across Europe. It enabled Europeans to study science and letrature from the Muslim world.

Why was Baghdad an important city?

The center of the Islamic Empire in the late 700's.

How did the conquest of Constantinople help the Ottoman Empire expand?

The city was a major trading center. Its location made expanding into Europe much easier.

Why was Baghdad's location important?

The city was an important trading center. There were also new available land and water trade routes.

Why do you think that members of the ruling class had to practice Islam and follow Ottoman customs?

The ruling class was restricted to people who showed religious views and way of life with the Sultan. The were also more likely to be loyal.

How did peace and unity in the Mughal Empire lead to a rich culture?

There were various groups such as Muslims and Hindus that lived together and over time their cultures blended.

What did Muslims gain through trade?

They gained wealth, new products, new knowledge and ideas. They also gained the opportunity to spread their religion to new regions.

Why do you think the Umayyad caliphs moved the capital from Medina to Damascus?

They had a better position from which to spread Muslim rule. They had a more central lovation with in a growing empire. They had better access to Mediterranean sea and trade.

How did Arab merchants spread Islam.

They shared Islamic customs and beliefs while on trading missions.

The ------ is the title given to the higets leader of Islam.

caliph

The womens section of the Ottoman household was called a ------.

harem

Generally Muslims practiced -------, or acceptance of the people they conquered.

tolerance