Chapter 4 Tsunami waves
Ground to cloud
Lightning that does not occur frequently 1. First observed in the 1930s when lightning was emanating from the tip of the empire state building 2. The Golden Gate bridge
Aircrafts
Made of metal which is a good conductor usually the lightning travel straight through the aircraft causing little damage
July 21, 365
Mediterranean Sea tsunami caused by earthquake 50,000 were killed in Alexandra Egypt, Nile river delta
thunder
The compression wave as lightning travels through the air
ball lightning
This looks like a ball of electricity No definite answer for this forms Sometimes this can last for many seconds These are very rare and little data exist on this type of lightning.
Deadliest tropical cyclone
Bhopal cyclones October 1970 killed over 500,000 people 70% of the rise crops was lost and 500,000 cattle was lost
March 11, 2011
- Tsunami and earthquake in Tohoku/Fukushima. - Magnitude 9 - 4th largest recorded Tsunami up to 50 feet tall 15790 death, 5933 injured and 4056 missing 8 feet In California and Oregon and 10 feet in chile
What to do during a thunderstorm
-Don't be taller than the surroundings ,don't take refuge and isolate tree, wire fence,? or laying on the flat wet ground - if you are inside or in the car already stay there - if your car is struck by a lightning you are supposed to allow about 30 minutes to allow the charge to dissipate, Then when you do get out of your car don't touch the metal and jump out
Upper atmosphere lightning
1. Sprites - first photograph in 1989: - these are electrical discharges that occur high above a thunderstorm - they are triggered by discharges between the clouds and ground 2. Blue jets - first recorded by space shuttle traveling over a thunderstorm over Australia in 1989 3. Elves - emissions of light of very low frequency perturbations from electromagnetic pulse sources - first recorded in 1990 by another space shuttle .
Bay of Bangal cyclone 1991
20 feet 138,000 people were killed 10, millions were left of homeless
Lightning strikes a temperature
54,000 Fahrenheit
Hydrosphere
All the water on earth
stepped leader
An initial discharge of electrons that proceeds intermittently toward the ground in a series of steps in a cloud-to-ground lightning stroke.
Chicxulub Crater
Astroid collide with the earth 65 million shares ago Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico
1450 BC
Catastrophic Tsunami caused by Minoan eruption in Thera
April 1 1946 Earthquake
Cause tsunami in Hawaii
water
Covers about 71% of earth surface Also the only substance do exist on as a solid liquid and gas naturally on earth
Exceptions of lightning
December 21, 1923 the friends airship of Zebline, Dixmude
Normal water waves compared to disturbance waves
Disturbancewavelengths up to 100 miles normal waves only 300 to 400 feet wavelength
Geological processes of tsunami's
Earthquake (most common cause) submarine volcanic eruption's, massive landslide into the ocean, astroid and comet impacts.
Storm surges disaster
Ganges River Delta in Bay of Bengals in India October 11, 1737 kill 300,000 people October 31, 1876 kill over 200,000 people
Sandai Airport Japan
HIt with tsunami up to 39 feet high
North Sea storm 1953
In Netherlands Netherlands Storm surge 10 feet kill 2,400 people
Protoplasm
In our cells is about 80% water
Longest earthquake ever recorded
Indian ocean earthquake on December 26, 2004 Produced tsunamis up to 100 feet high Killed 230,000 people in 14 different countries.
intra-cloud lightning
Most common type of lightning this is observed when the Clouds glows (sheet lighting)
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific tsunami warning center on Hawaii
Tsunami
Seismic sea wave (Japanese for harbor wave there are lots of earthquakes in Japan, it is along a fault)
Galveston, Texas 1900
Storm surge about 8 feet above sea level 8000 died 30,000 left homeless the deadliest natural disaster in as United States
storm surges
The abnormal rise in the water levels of lake, inlets, ocean they can reach as high as 10 to 15 feet above sea level.
Hindenburg
The most famous disaster one of these giant airships occurred on December 6, 1937 Hindenburg was landing at lakehearst New Jersey,
Boeing 707
Was struck with lightning after taking off from Baltimore in December 8, 1963. Killing our 81 on board
Cause of storm surges
combination of many factors: Wind frictions Low pressures Tides (thủy triều) ( neap tides and spring tides)
cloud to cloud lightning
lightning that travels from a cloud to another cloud Electricity jumped from negative end of one cloud to positive of another Sometimes lightning travels horizontally and then suddenly travels downward miles from the storm 'out of blue'
cloud-to-ground lightning
lightning that travels from the cloud to the ground
return stroke lightning
the connected path flashes bright as the charge exchanges between the cloud and ground