Chapter 40 Dynamic Study Module & Practice Test

Which of the following is a description of a behavior that helps warm the body? -An elephant rolls in the mud and sprays water over its back. -A woman puts on a wide-brimmed hat while laboring in the sunshine. -A man gets "goose bumps" after walking outside in the winter without a jacket. -A falcon migrates from San Francisco to Brazil for the winter. -Sweat oozes from the hide of a thirsty antelope in the drought-stricken Serengeti plains.

A falcon migrates from San Francisco to Brazil for the winter.

Which of the following is a list of connective tissues? -Red blood cells and neurons -Adipose tissue, dense and loose connective tissues, and neurons -Cartilage, bone, and epithelium -Bone, blood, and skin -Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood

Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood

An organ such as the heart or liver consists of __________. -muscle tissue -epithelial tissue -connective tissue -nervous tissue -All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following statements is/are true of hormones? -They are relatively slow acting compared to nerve impulses. -They are chemical signals broadcast throughout the body. -They are distributed by the bloodstream. -They act only on cells with receptors specific to that hormone. -All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts?

Bone

A neuron consists of many components. Name three.

Cell body, dendrites, and axon

Which of the following lists of animal structures is ordered from smallest to largest? -Cell, tissue, organ, organ system -Organ, tissue, cell, organ system -Tissue, cell, organ, organ system -Organ system, organ, tissue, cell -None of the listed responses is correct.

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity compared to organisms consisting of just one cell?

Cells can specialize (Populations of cells in a multicellular body can be specialized for specific functions)

Which of the following organ systems in mammals is mismatched with its function? -Nervous; coordination of body activities -Circulatory; coordination of body activities -Endocrine; coordination of body activities -Muscular; locomotion and other movements -Excretory; disposal of metabolic wastes -Digestive; food processing

Circulatory; coordination of body activities

Which statement is true regarding thermoregulation? -In furry animals, raised hairs keep the animal cooler than lowered hairs. -An ectotherm such as a lizard does not maintain a fairly constant body temperature. -Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do marine mammals. -Endotherms must always maintain a fairly constant body temperature to survive. -A dilated blood vessel conserves more heat than a constricted one.

Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do marine mammals.

Which of the following best illustrates homeostasis? -All the cells in the body have much the same chemical composition. -DNA stores the genetic information in a cell. -All organs are composed of the same four kinds of tissue. -Elevated blood CO2 stimulates faster breathing, which rids the body of excess CO2. -The lung has a large surface for exchange of gases.

Elevated blood CO2 stimulates faster breathing, which rids the body of excess CO2.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between hormone signaling and neuron signaling? -Hormone signals travel throughout the body, but neuron signals travel to specific locations. -Neurons secrete hormones as signals, and endocrine cells transmit signals via axons. -Hormone signals travel to specific locations, but neuron signals travel throughout the body. -Hormone response is limited to those cells that are connected by specialized junctions, whereas neuron response is limited to those cells that have specific receptors. -Hormone signaling is rapid, and neuron signaling is much slower.

Hormone signals travel throughout the body, but neuron signals travel to specific locations.

In the late fall, bats hibernate in clusters with many bats pressed together and holding on to one another. Which of the following statements does not represent an advantage of this behavior? -Any heat generated by any bat is shared by other bats. -Less surface area is exposed to the environment. -In this configuration, less heat is needed for each bat, and therefore each bat requires less food. -Huddling behavior decreases the amount of food needed for bats to stay warm. -Huddling behavior helps bats stay warm while they feed.

Huddling behavior helps bats stay warm while they feed.

__________ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it __________

Negative; tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point"

Which of the following mammals would you expect to have the highest basal metabolic rate (BMR)? -Cat -Elephant -Dog -Horse -Shrew -Human

Shrew

Which of the following pairs of connective tissue and its function is correctly matched? -Bone; pads and insulates the body -Ligaments; attach muscles to bones -Tendons; attach muscles to bones -Tendons; attach muscles to other muscles -Adipose tissue; connects epithelia to underlying tissue

Tendons; attach muscles to bones

Which of the following statements is true? -When your body temperature is too high, sweating helps to correct the situation because it lowers the metabolic rate by dumping toxic ions. -When your body temperature is too low, vasodilation in the skin helps to correct the situation because it conserves heat in the body core. -When your body temperature is too low, shivering helps to correct the situation because it lowers the metabolic rate and conserves blood sugar. -When your body temperature is too high, vasodilation in the skin helps to correct the situation because it redirects heat from the body core to the outside. -None of the listed responses is correct.

When your body temperature is too high, vasodilation in the skin helps to correct the situation because it redirects heat from the body core to the outside.

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation? -a snake in a temperate forest -a marine jelly (an invertebrate) -a desert insect -a desert bird -a hydra

a desert bird

The term endotherm refers specifically to __________.

an animal that gets most of its body heat from its metabolism

The amount of energy expended while an endothermic organism is resting, unstressed, and not actively digesting or growing is called its __________.

basal metabolic rate

Plasma, a fluid containing water, salts, and dissolved proteins, is the extracellular matrix of __________.

blood

Ligaments connect ________ to ________.

bone; bone

A neuron receives nerve impulses from other neurons via its _________ and __________.

cell body; dendrites

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

connective tissue.

On a cold day, blood vessels in the skin __________.

constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface

Food processing and the absorption and distribution of nutrients within your body are mainly accomplished by the __________ systems.

digestive and circulatory

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The __________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the __________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

elephant; mouse

An organism that generates body heat by means of its own metabolism is _________, and an organism that gains body heat from external sources is ________.

endothermic; ectothermic

In most animals, food is digested by __________, __________ are absorbed by body cells, and most energy-containing molecules are used to generate __________.

enzymatic hydrolysis; nutrients; ATP

Ligaments are a type of __________.

fibrous connective tissue

It is a cold day in the lecture hall. When you rest your arm on the cool laminated desktop at your seat, heat is transferred __________.

from your body to the desk by conduction

The wolf, his coat glowing in the early spring sunshine, sat atop a cold boulder after unsuccessfully pursuing a plump jackrabbit. He continued to pant while __________.

heat radiated from his tired body

Sweating __________.

helps the body thermoregulate

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

if it is growing and increasing its mass.

Humid weather makes you feel warmer because humid air, which is saturated with water molecules, __________.

interferes with heat loss by evaporation

"Striated" is a description that would apply to which kind of animal tissue?

muscle

When a person's body temperature increases, sweating helps bring the temperature down. This is an example of __________.

negative feedback

When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce CO2 rises sharply. But the CO2 in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating stronger. Soon his increased rate of CO2 production is balanced by an increased rate of CO2 removal. This would be an example of __________ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are __________.

negative; acting to oppose the increase of CO2 from the set point or normal range

The __________ system and the __________ system work together to coordinate and control the bodies of most animals.

nervous; endocrine

By definition, an ectotherm __________.

obtains most of its heat from its environment

Complete the following word association: Albatross is to organism as intestine is to __________.

organ

In blood, the matrix component is ________, and the cellular component contains _________.

plasma; red and white blood cells

Myosin and actin are __________.

proteins that play a major role in muscle contraction

Interstitial fluid is __________.

the fluid that fills the spaces between cells of vertebrates

Most cells are microscopic because at this small size, __________.

the ratio of surface area to cell volume is maximized

The main function(s) of connective tissues in the body is/are _________

to hold tissues and organs in place and to join adjacent tissues together

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment? -feathers or fur -wind blowing across the body surface -countercurrent heat exchanger -vasoconstriction -blubber or fat layer

wind blowing across the body surface