Chapter 42

bone

A _________ graft is used for joint stabilization, defect filling, or stimulation of bone healing.

complex regional pain syndrome

Clinical manifestations include severe burning pain, local edema, hyperesthesia, stiffness, discoloration, vasomotor skin changes (i.e., fluctuating warm, red, dry and cold, sweaty, cyanotic), and trophic changes that may include glossy, shiny skin, and changes in hair and nail growth. This syndrome is frequently chronic, with extension of symptoms to adjacent areas of the body. Dysfunction of the affected limb may also be manifested. The diagnosis is made through the history and physical examination and ruling out other organic causes

protection, rest, ice, compression and elevation

PRICE for sprains, strains, and contusions

6 to 12 months

The course of rehabilitation following repair of a rotator cuff tear is __________

Condylar area. Femoral neck. Shaft of the femur. Trochanteric region. A fracture of the neck of the femur may damage the vascular system and the bone will become ischemic. Therefore, a vascular necrosis is common.

The femur fracture that commonly leads to avascular necrosis or nonunion because of an abundant supply of blood vessels in the area is a fracture of the: Condylar area. Femoral neck. Shaft of the femur. Trochanteric region.

Volkmann

The most serious complication of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus is __________ contracture (an acute compartment syndrome), which results from antecubital swelling or damage to the brachial artery and leads to a shortening (contracture) of the forearm muscles.

-Apply heat to the fracture site. -Apply ice to the fracture site. -Perform ankle dorsiflexion three times per day. -Use crutches for 1 week. Applying ice to the injury site soon after an injury causes vasoconstriction, helping to relieve or prevent swelling and bleeding. Applying heat to the fracture site may increase swelling and bleeding. Ankle dorsiflexion has no therapeutic use after a toe fracture. It's unlikely the client would need crutches after a toe fracture.

When providing discharge teaching to a client with a fractured toe, the nurse should include which instruction? -Apply heat to the fracture site. -Apply ice to the fracture site. -Perform ankle dorsiflexion three times per day. -Use crutches for 1 week.

adducted, externally

With fractures of the femoral neck, the leg is shortened, ________, and _________ rotated.

-The client with elevated pressure within the muscles -The client with hemorrhage in the site of injury -The client with a plaster cast applied immediately after injury -The client who sustained a clavicle fracture -The client using ice to control pain in the extremity

Which client(s) is most likely to have compartment syndrome after sustaining a fracture? Select all that apply -The client with elevated pressure within the muscles -The client with hemorrhage in the site of injury -The client with a plaster cast applied immediately after injury -The client who sustained a clavicle fracture -The client using ice to control pain in the extremity

Epicondylitis

_________ (tennis elbow) is a painful inflammation of the elbow that is caused by injury following excessive pronation and supination of the forearm, such as that which occurs when playing tennis, pitching a ball, or rowing.

Hypovolemic

__________ shock resulting from hemorrhage is more frequently noted in trauma patients with pelvic fractures and in patients with a displaced or open femoral fracture in which the femoral artery is torn by bone fragments.

tourniquet

Following an amputation, immediate postoperative bleeding may develop slowly or may take the form of massive hemorrhage resulting from a loosened suture. A large ________ should be in plain sight at the client's bedside so that if severe bleeding occurs, it can be applied to the residual limb to control the hemorrhage

Avascular necrosis (AVN)

If a dislocation is not treated promptly, ___________, tissue death due to anoxia and diminished blood supply, and nerve palsy may occur

the day after

Exercise of the remaining limb should begin ________ surgery. Exercise is necessary to maintain the muscle tone of the remaining limb. Immediately after surgery, the client usually isn't alert enough to participate and may be in too much pain. Exercise needs to begin before discharge to a rehabilitation center.