Chapter 42- The Cardiovascular System
After teaching a group of students about the conduction system of the heart, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify what as the origination of the impulse?
SA NODE
Which are components of the heart's conduction system? (Select all that apply.)
SA node AV node Bundle branches Purkinje fibers
Which property is related to the ability of the heart cells to transmit an action potential of electrical impulse?
Conductivity
As part of their orientation to a cardiac care unit, a group of recent nursing graduates is receiving a refresher in cardiac physiology from the unit educator. Which teaching point best captures a component of cardiac function?
"The diastolic phase is characterized by relaxation of ventricles and their filling with blood."
The pharmacology instructor is discussing hormones. What hormone would the instructor tell the students helps maintain blood pressure?
ADH
After explaining an electrocardiogram to a patient, which statement indicates that the patient understands this test?
"It will show how impulses are moving through my heart."
Which client diagnosis is related to left-sided heart failure?
Pulmonary edema
If the production of actin is disrupted, what component of the human body will be affected?
muscles
A group of nursing students is preparing a poster presentation describing the anatomy and function of the heart. In their diagram of the organ, they label the structure that separates the left and right sides of the heart as the:
septum
Contraction of the right atrium sends blood through the:
tricuspid valve.
A nurse is explaining to a client the physiology of the heart with reference to the cardiac valves. Which statement by the client about the function of the cardiac valves demonstrates the correct understanding of the nurse's explanation?
Allow blood to flow in one direction only
A client is diagnosed with an issue that affects their syncytia fibers. Which cardiac structure should be the focus of assessment and treatment? (Select all that apply.)
Cardiac atriums Cardiac ventricle
A client is diagnosed with an atrial septal defect (ASD) that has caused a hole between the two upper chambers of the heart. What is the direct result of such a defect?
Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood will mix
The nurse assists and educates clients about blood pressure regulation. Which information is important to include in the review with clients about blood pressure?
Force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels
A client has severe aortic valve disease. When educating the client about anatomy, what would the nurse include?
The aortic valve separates the left ventricle and aorta.
Proper function of the cardiovascular system relies on blood following the correct pathway through the heart. Valves within the heart separate the organ's chambers and prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction. What valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral
A nurse is explaining blood flow through the heart to a patient who has experienced a myocardial infarction. How would the nurse explain flow from the lungs to the heart?
Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left artium through the pulmonary veins.
Which phase of the action potential is referred to as the plateau phase?
Phase 2
The pharmacology instructor is discussing effects on the heart of different medication. What is the term the instructor would use to describe the effect of a medication that increases the force of the contractions of the heart?
Positive inotropic
A nurse is measuring the BP of a client. The client asks what the BP measures. What is the best response by the nurse about the measurement of BP?
Pressure of blood within the arteries
A nurse is reviewing a patient's electrocardiogram. Which would the nurse identify as indicating depolarization of the bundle of His and ventricles?
QRS Complex
Which enzyme is produced in the kidney?
Renin
Which is released initially when blood flow to the kidneys is decreased?
Renin
Which area of the heart is supplied by the right coronary artery?
Right side of the heart
A client who has been diagnosed with blood pressure problems is eager to know more about the condition. What should the nurse explain is one of the internal processes that attempt to maintain blood pressure within normal limits?
Special sensory receptors in blood vessel walls called baroreceptors are stimulated.
It is determined that a client's cardiac rhythm is being originated in the sinoatrial (SA) node. What mechanism is responsible for the triggering of this node?
Specialized cells within the node itself
The nursing instructor is explaining cardiac function to the senior nursing class. The instructor explains that blood is ejected into the circulation as the chambers of the heart become smaller. The instructor categorizes this action of the heart as what?
Systole
What primary event has occurred when a client experiences an ectopic focus?
The location of the heart's functioning pacemaker is no longer the sinoatrial (SA) node
Place the steps that occur during the process of blood flow through the body into the correct sequence.
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Blood moves on through the pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction. Blood enters the pulmonary artery and lungs, where it receives oxygen. Blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. Blood travels through the mitral valves and into the left ventricle.
A client has been diagnosed with a problem associated with the heart's right atrium. Which statement indicates the client
The top chamber, responsible for receiving blood from my body's veins, is the problem.
The nurse is reviewing with the client the three major layers of the heart wall and how they relate to the pericardium. What is the best description by the nurse to the client about the myocardium layer of the heart?
Thick, strong muscles making up the middle layer
A nurse is assessing the vital signs of a client. The client inquires about the functions of the arteries. What should the nurse include in the client education about the function of arteries?
To carry oxygenated blood to the body cells
Which statement most accurately captures a principle of blood flow?
With constant pressure, a small increase in vessel radius results in an exponential increase in blood flow.
After teaching a group of students about circulation, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify it as:
a high to low pressure system.
Which property is related to the ability of the heart cells to transmit an action potential of electrical impulse?
conductivity
When explaining blood supply to the heart muscle, the nurse explains that the left circumflex artery supplies the:
left ventricle
A backflow of blood is noted in the left ventricle from the left atrium. The patient is suffering from a defect in which valve?
mitral valve
Of the following factors, which increases the heart's output, and is dependent on the actions of the heart and the vasculature before contraction?
preload
A 54-year-old man has suffered a myocardial infarction that caused significant damage to the left side of his heart. The nurse caring for the man is most concerned that he will develop what edemas?
pulmonary
A patient has a diminished flow of deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities?
right atrium