Chapter 43- Sleep Fundamentals
How do Benzodiazepines affect sleep? (3)
1. Alter REM sleep 2. Increase sleep time 3. increase daytime sleepiness
How do anticonvulsants affect sleep? (2)
1. Decrease REM sleep time 2. Cause daytime drowsiness
How do opiate affect sleep? (2)
1. Suppress REM sleep 2. Cause increased daytime drowsiness
How do Beta-Adrenergic Blockers affect sleep? (3)
1. causes nightmare 2. causes insomnia 3. cause awakening from sleep
How does Nicotine affect sleep? (4)
1. decreases total sleep time 2. decreases REM sleep time 3. Causes awakening from sleep 4. Causes difficulty staying asleep
How does hypnotics affect sleep? (4)
1. interfere with reaching deeper sleeping stages 2. provide only temporary increase in quantity of sleep 3. causes "hangover" during the day; drowsiness 4. sometimes worsen sleep apnea in older adults
How does caffeine affect sleep? (3)
1. prevents person from falling asleep 2. causes person to awaken during night 3. interferes with REM sleep
How does alcohol affect sleep? (3)
1. speeds onset of sleep 2. reduces REM sleep 3. awakens person during night
How do antidepressants and stimulants? (2)
1. suppress REM sleep 2. decrease total sleep time
11.The nurse is completing an assessment on an older-adult patient who is having difficulty falling asleep. Which condition will the nurse further assess for in this patient? a. Depression b. Mild fatigue c. Hypertension d. Hypothyroidism
A
15.The nurse is caring for a patient who has been in holding in the emergency department for 24 hours. The nurse is concerned about the patient's experiencing sleep deprivation. Which action will be best for the nurse to take? a. Expedite the process of obtaining a medical-surgical room for the patient. b. Pull the curtains shut, dim the lights, and decrease the number of visitors. c. Obtain an order for a hypnotic medication to help the patient sleep. d. Ask everyone in the unit to try to be quiet so the patient can sleep.
A
16.The nurse is completing a sleep assessment on a patient. Which tool will the nurse use to complete the assessment? a. Visual analog scale b. Cataplexy scale c. Polysomnogram d. RAS scale
A
2.The nurse is providing an educational session on sleep regulation for new nurses in the Sleep Disorder Treatment Center. Which statement by the nurses will best indicate that the teaching is effective? a. "If the patient has a disease process in the central nervous system, it can influence the functions of sleep." b. "If the patient has a disease process in the cranial nerves, it can influence the functions of sleep." c. "If the patient has an interruption in the urinary pathways, it can influence the functions of sleep." d. "If the patient has an interruption in the spinal reflexes, it can influence the functions of sleep."
A
21.The nurse is preparing an older-adult patient's evening medications. Which treatment will the nurse recognize as relatively safe for difficulty sleeping in older adults? a. Ramelteon (Rozerem) b. Benzodiazepine c. Antihistamine d. Kava
A
22.The nurse is caring for a patient on the medical-surgical unit who is experiencing an exacerbation of asthma. Which intervention will be most appropriate to help this patient sleep? a. Place bed in semi-Fowler's position. b. Offer iron-rich foods for meals. c. Provide a snack before bedtime. d. Encourage the patient to read.
A
24.The nurse is evaluating outcomes for the patient with insomnia. Which key principle will the nurse consider during this process? a. The patient is the best evaluator of sleep. b. The nurse is the best evaluator of sleep. c. Effective interventions are the best evaluators of sleep. d. Observations of the patient are the best evaluators of sleep.
A
6.Which nursing observation of the patient in intensive care indicates the patient is sleeping comfortably during NREM sleep? a. Eyes closed, lying quietly, respirations 12, heart rate 60 b. Eyes closed, tossing in bed, respirations 18, heart rate 80 c. Eyes closed, mumbling to self, respirations 16, heart rate 68 d. Eyes closed, lying supine in bed, respirations 22, heart rate 66
A
8.The nurse is discussing lack of sleep with a middle-aged adult. Which area should the nurse most likely assess to determine a possible cause of the lack of sleep? a. Anxiety b. Loud teenagers c. Caring for pets d. Late night television
A
1.The nurse is caring for a patient who has not been able to sleep well while in the hospital, leading to a disrupted sleep-wake cycle. Which assessment findings will the nurse monitor for in this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Changes in physiological function such as temperature b. Decreased appetite and weight loss c. Anxiety, irritability, and restlessness d. Shortness of breath and chest pain e. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea f. Impaired judgment
A, B, C, F
3.The patient and the nurse discuss the need for sleep. After the discussion, the patient is able to state factors that hinder sleep. Which statements indicate the patient has a good understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. "Drinking coffee at 7 PM could interrupt my sleep." b. "Staying up late for a party can interrupt sleep patterns." c. "Exercising 2 hours before bedtime can decrease relaxation." d. "Changing the time of day that I eat dinner can disrupt sleep." e. "Worrying about work can disrupt my sleep." f. "Taking an antacid can decrease sleep."
A, B, D, E
2.The nurse is caring for a patient in the intensive care unit who is having trouble sleeping. The nurse explains the purpose of sleep and its benefits. Which information will the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. NREM sleep contributes to body tissue restoration. b. During NREM sleep, biological functions increase. c. Restful sleep preserves cardiac function. d. Sleep contributes to cognitive restoration. e. REM sleep decreases cortical activity.
A, C, D
10.The nurse is having a conversation with an adolescent regarding the need for sleep. The adolescent states that it is common to stay up with friends several nights a week. Which action should the nurse take next? a. Talk with the adolescent's parent about staying up with friends and the need for sleep. b. Discuss with the adolescent sleep needs and the effects of excessive daytime sleepiness. c. Refer the adolescent for counseling about alcohol abuse problems. d. Take no action for this normal occurrence.
B
17.The nurse is beginning a sleep assessment on a patient. Which question will be mostappropriate for the nurse to ask initially? a. "What is going on?" b. "How are you sleeping?" c. "Are you taking any medications?" d. "What did you have for dinner last night?"
B
25.A patient has sleep deprivation. Which statement by the patient will indicate to the nurse that outcomes are being met? a. "I wake up only once a night to go to the bathroom." b. "I feel rested when I wake up in the morning." c. "I go to sleep within 30 minutes of lying down." d. "I only take a 20-minute nap during the day."
B
7.The nurse is teaching a new mother about the sleep requirements of a neonate. Which comment by the patient indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? a. "I can't wait to get the baby home to play with the brothers and sisters." b. "I will ask my mom to come after the first week, when the baby is more alert." c. "I can get the baby on a sleeping schedule the first week while my mom is here." d. "I won't be able to nap during the day because the baby will be awake."
B
4.A community health nurse is providing an educational session at the senior center on how to promote sleep. Which practices should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.) a. Take a nap in the afternoon. b. Sleep where you sleep best. c. Use sedatives as a last resort. d. Watch television right before sleep. e. Decrease fluids 2 to 4 hours before sleep. f. Get up if unable to fall asleep in 15 to 30 minutes.
B, C, E, F
13.A patient has obstructive sleep apnea. Which assessment is the priority? a. Gastrointestinal function b. Neurological function c. Respiratory status d. Circulatory status
C
14.The patient has just been diagnosed with narcolepsy. The nurse teaches the patient about management of the condition. Which information from the patient will cause the nurse to intervene? a. Takes antidepressant medications b. Naps shorter than 20 minutes c. Sits in hot, stuffy rooms d. Chews gum
C
20.The patient presents to the clinic with reports of irritability, being sleepy during the day, chronically not being able to fall asleep, and being tired. Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse document in the plan of care? a. Anxiety b. Fatigue c. Insomnia d. Sleep deprivation
C
26.An older-adult patient is visiting the clinic after a fall during the night. The nurse obtains information on what medications the patient takes. Which medication most likely contributed to the patient's fall? a. Melatonin b. L-tryptophan c. Benzodiazepine d. Iron supplement
C
3.The nurse is caring for a patient who is having trouble sleeping. Which action will the nurse take? a. Suggest snug-fitting nightwear. b. Provide a favorite beverage. c. Encourage deep breathing. d. Walk with the patient.
C
4.The nurse is caring for a patient in the sleep lab. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the patient is in stage 4 NREM? a. The patient awakens easily. b. The patient's eyes rapidly move. c. The patient is difficult to awaken. d. The patient's vital signs are elevated.
C
1.The nurse is caring for a young-adult patient on the medical-surgical unit. When doing midnight checks, the nurse observes the patient awake, putting a puzzle together. Which information will the nurse consider to best explain this finding? a. The patient misses family and is lonely. b. The patient was waiting to talk with the nurse. c. The patient has been kept up with the noise on the unit. d. The patient's sleep-wake cycle preference is late evening.
D
12.The nurse is caring for an adolescent with an appendectomy who is reporting difficulty falling asleep. Which intervention will be most appropriate? a. Close the door to decrease noise from unit activities. b. Adjust temperature in the patient's room to 21° C (70° F). c. Ensure that the night-light in the patient's room is working. d. Encourage the discontinuation of a soda and chocolate nightly snack.
D
18.The nurse adds a nursing diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern to a patient's care plan. Which sleep condition caused the nurse to assign this nursing diagnosis? a. Insomnia b. Narcolepsy c. Sleep deprivation d. Obstructive sleep apnea
D
19.The nurse is caring for a postpartum patient. The patient's labor has lasted over 28 hours within the hospital; the patient has not slept and is disoriented to date and time. Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse document in the patient's care plan? a. Insomnia b. Impaired parenting c. Ineffective coping d. Sleep deprivation
D
23.A young mother has been hospitalized for an irregular heartbeat (dysrhythmia). The night nurse makes rounds and finds the patient awake. Which action by the nurse is mostappropriate? a. Inform the patient that it is late and time to go to sleep. b. Ask the patient if she would like medication for sleep. c. Recommend a good movie that is on television tonight. d. Take time to sit and talk with the patient about her inability to sleep.
D
5.A nurse is teaching the staff about the sleep cycle. Which sequence will the nurse include in the teaching session? a. NREM Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, REM b. NREM Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, REM c. NREM Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, REM, 4, 3, 2 REM d. NREM Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, REM
D
9.A single parent is discussing the sleep needs of a preschooler with the nurse. Which information will the nurse share with the parent? a. "Most preschoolers sleep soundly all night long." b. "It is important that the 5-year-old get a nap every day." c. "On average, the preschooler needs to sleep 10 hours a night." d. "Preschoolers may have trouble settling down after a busy day."
D
What stage of sleep is the lightest level of sleep, lasting a few minutes, decreased physiological activity, begins with gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism, easily aroused, and if awakened person feels as though they were daydreaming. a. N1 b. N2 c. N3 d. REM Sleep
a
What stage of sleep is characterized by sound sleep during which relaxation progresses, arousal is still relatively easy, and brain and muscle activity continue to slow? a. N1 b. N2 c. N3 d. REM sleep
b
What stage of sleep is called slow-wave-sleep, it is the deepest stage of sleep, sleeper is difficult to arouse and rarely moves, brain and muscle activity are significantly decreased, and vital signs are lower than during waking hours? a. N1 b. N2 c. N3 d. REM Sleep
c
What stage of sleep is vivid, full of color, usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep has begun, stage is typified by autonomic response of rapidly moving eyes, fluctuating heart and RR, and increased blood pressure, loss of skeletal muscle tone occurs, gastric secretions increase, very difficult to arouse, and lasts about 20 minutes? a. N1 b. N2 c. N3 d. REM sleep
d
How does diuretics affect sleep? (1)
nighttime awakenings caused by nocturia
