Chapter 44 Pathophysiology NCLEX-Style Review Questions
Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin. -Anterior pituitary gland -Hypothalamus -Ovaries -Endometrium
Anterior pituitary gland
The nurse is discussing hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) with a postmenopausal woman. The nurse points out that concerns relating to their use include increased risk for which disease processes? Select all that apply. -Breast cancer -Osteoporosis -Metabolic syndrome -Diabetes mellitus -Atherosclerosis
Breast cancer, Atherosclerosis
The nurse is discussing the physical changes related to menopause with a 48-year-old woman. The client asks, "How long will it take before I am through these changes and finally reach menopause?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse? -"Most women experience symptoms for about 6 months." -"Most women experience symptoms for about 10 years." -"Most women experience symptoms for about 1 year." -"Most women experience symptoms for about 4 years."
"Most women experience symptoms for about 4 years."
When a woman asks the nurse at what age menopause usually occurs, what should the nurse respond? -35 to 47 years of age -56 to 68 years of age -68 years of age or older -48 to 55 years of age
48 to 55 years of age
A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a result of: -A secondary decrease in sexual activity -Alteration of critical body fat-to-muscle ratio needed for menses to occur -Increased estrogen production that occurs in the body -Increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production
Alteration of critical body fat-to-muscle ratio needed for menses to occur
The nurse is taking the history of a 30-year-old female client with amenorrhea. What factors does the nurse identify as contributing to the condition? Select all that apply. -Anorexia nervosa -Renal calculi -Long-distance running -Migraine headaches -Pituitary tumor
Anorexia nervosa, Long-distance running, Pituitary tumor
Which structure supports the breasts while dividing the breast into 15 to 25 lobes? -Alveoli -Montgomery tubercles -Areolar tissue -Cooper ligaments
Cooper ligaments
What function does estrogen have regarding general body metabolic effects? -Decreases thyroid globulin -Decreases production of binding globulins -Decreases high density proteins -Decreases rate of bone resorption
Decreases rate of bone resorption
Which hormone replacement therapy was traditionally prescribed for a postmenopausal woman diagnosed with an intact uterus? -Progesterone therapy -Estrogen and progesterone therapy -Androgen therapy -Estrogen therapy
Estrogen and progesterone therapy
How often do most women in the middle reproductive years menstruate? -Every 30 to 32 days -Every 28 to 30 days -Every 25 to 28 days -Every 21 to 25 days
Every 28 to 30 days
The nurse is reviewing the history of an older adult female client who was recently diagnosed with coronary heart disease. What factors are known to contribute to this condition? Select all that apply. -Has two grown children -Has hypertension for 15 years -Smoked 1 pack/day for 20 years -No use of alcoholic beverages -Used hormone therapy for 5 years
Has hypertension for 15 years, Smoked 1 pack/day for 20 years, Used hormone therapy for 5 years
The nurse is conducting a community education program on menopause. Which condition will require medical follow-up? -Vaginal dryness -Hypertrophic uterine -Osteoporosis -Pendulous breasts
Osteoporosis
The nurse providing teaching about the female reproductive system includes which principle? -Continued production of ova takes place monthly in the ovaries. -Ovaries regenerate to form new ovaries each month. -Ovaries are responsible for ovulation and hormone production. -Ovaries physically disintegrate after the childbearing years.
Ovaries are responsible for ovulation and hormone production.
The nurse conducting a class on lactation determines that the participants are understanding the information when they identify that milk is ejected from the breast ductile system in response to: -Follicle-stimulating hormone -Luteinizing hormone -Estrogen -Oxytocin
Oxytocin
A client asks the nurse what hormone is responsible for temperature elevation that occurs with ovulation. The best response would be: -Prolactin -Androgens -Testosterone -Progesterone
Progesterone
The lactating mother of a 3-month-old infant reports to the nurse that she experiences milk leakage if she hears the child cry when it has been more than 2 hours since the last feeding. How should the nurse respond? -Offer a consultation with a lactation specialist. -Reassure her that this is a normal physiologic response. -Arrange a mammogram appointment to screen for abnormalities. -Encourage the mother to feed the infant every 2 hours.
Reassure her that this is a normal physiologic response.
What role do Montgomery tubercles play in breast health? -Serve as receptor sites for erectile stimulation -Identify location of lactating ducts -Secrete a lubricant that keeps the nipple soft and elastic -Provide support for breast tissue
Secrete a lubricant that keeps the nipple soft and elastic
Which statement most accurately captures a characteristic of the external female genitalia? -The external genitalia facilitate sexual function and hormonal regulation. -The labia majora and clitoris are analogous to the male scrotum and penis respectively. -Surgical repair is required in the case of a ruptured hymen in prepubescent females. -Skene and Bartholin glands perform endocrine and exocrine functions.
The labia majora and clitoris are analogous to the male scrotum and penis respectively.
A new mother asks the nurse what she can do to prevent her breasts from drooping. What should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply. -Keep her glucose levels controlled -Use bras that provide good support -Avoid fatty foods -Maintain good posture
Use bras that provide good support, Maintain good posture
