Chapter 45 Pathophysiology NCLEX-Style Review Questions

A client has been diagnosed with endometriosis. What assessment finding does the nurse expect? Select all that apply. -Back pain -Pelvic pain -Premenstrual pain -Increased fertility -Referred chest pain

Back pain, Pelvic pain, Premenstrual pain

A nurse who works in a fertility clinic is conducting a program on options for various fertility issues. The nurse judges that the participants understand the education when they identify that donor eggs are the best option for which woman? -A 33-year-old -A 28-year-old -A 42-year-old -A 38-year-old

A 42-year-old

A college student presents to the nurse's office complaining of premenstrual syndrome. Which clinical manifestations would confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply. -Abdominal bloating -Painful, edematous breasts -Burning during urination -Painful intercourse -Thick, cheesy vaginal secretions

Abdominal bloating, Painful, edematous breasts

A 29-year-old female client has been diagnosed with fibrocystic breasts. The nurse should assess the client for which symptoms associated with fibrotic changes? Select all that apply. -Breast pain or discomfort -Breast engorgement -Palpable breast masses that change during the menstrual cycle -Purulent nipple discharge that is whitish or yellowish in color -Erythema on skin regions within 1 to 2 cm of the areolae

Breast pain or discomfort, Palpable breast masses that change during the menstrual cycle

A 45-year-old client reports "needing to bear down with urination," frequency, and occasional loss of urine when coughing. Based on symptoms, which diagnosis is most appropriate for this client? -Spermatocele -Rectocele -Cystocele -Enterocele

Cystocele

A nurse monitors for side effects in a female client receiving endometriosis treatment with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide. Which adverse effect would be cause to limit duration of treatment? -Hot flashes and night sweats -Muscle spasms -Nosebleed and cough -Decreased bone density

Decreased bone density

Which symptoms are believed to have a strong association with ovarian cancer? Select all that apply. -Increased appetite -Increased intestinal gas -Difficulty eating -Bloating -Abdominal or pelvic pain

Difficulty eating, Bloating, Abdominal or pelvic pain

A client who has been diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) asks if there is anything to help alleviate the symptoms. The best response would be: -Limit activities and maintain bed rest as necessary. -Decrease intake of fluids to reduce fluid retention. -Increase intake of caffeine products during this period. -Eat a diet low in simple sugars and high in protein.

Eat a diet low in simple sugars and high in protein.

The nurse in the ER is caring for a client with lower abdominal pain that is greater on the right side and who has light vaginal spotting. When the client's human chorionic gonadroptropin (hCG) level is lower than normal, the nurse plans care for a client with: -Appendicitis -Cervical cancer -Ectopic pregnancy -Premenstrual syndrome

Ectopic pregnancy

The nurse working in a fertility clinic is assessing a client's risk for fallopian tube obstruction. Which disorder places the woman at greatest risk for fallopian tube obstruction? -Vaginitis -Uterine prolapse -Endometriosis -Dysmenorrhea

Endometriosis

What is the term for the condition that involves dyspareunia and widespread vaginal burning in the absence of bacterial presence? -Bartholin gland abscess -Generalized vulvodynia -Localized vulvodynia -Vaginitis

Generalized vulvodynia

A school nurse is providing an informational session about the prevention of cervical cancer in young girls and women. The most important information for the nurse to present would be: -Abstinence of sexual activity until in a monogamous relationship -Use of latex condom with each and every sexual encounter -HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active -Use of low-dose estrogen oral contraceptive pills or patches

HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active

The nurse is assessing a 24-year-old client who states that she has infrequent menstrual periods that are approximately 40 to 42 days apart. She also states, "My periods are really light. It's almost like I hardly even need to use a pad sometimes." The nurse should document which medical terms associated with this client's menstruation? Select all that apply. -Hypomenorrhea -Oligomenorrhea -Polymenorrhea -Menometrorrhagia -Amenorrhea

Hypomenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea

The parents of a 9-year-old child ask the nurse for information about quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine. Which instructions are appropriate for the nurse to provide? Select all that apply. -It produces short-term immunity. -It prevents a common cause of cervical cancer. -It prevents sexually transmitted infections. -It can be given to boys and girls. -It should be given before the child is sexually active.

It prevents a common cause of cervical cancer., It can be given to boys and girls., It should be given before the child is sexually active.

Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to observe in a female with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? Select all that apply. -Lower abdominal pain -Elevated C-reactive protein -White blood cell (WBC) count of 7500 cells/mL -Temperature of 100°F (37.8°C) -Purulent cervical discharge

Lower abdominal pain, Elevated C-reactive protein, Purulent cervical discharge

The nurse is teaching the client about risk factors for cervical cancer. What will be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply. -Diabetes -Multiple sexual partners -Alcohol consumption -History of sexually transmitted infections -First intercourse at an early age -Smoking

Multiple sexual partners, History of sexually transmitted infections, First intercourse at an early age, Smoking

A female client is being evaluated for abdominal pain and unusual menstrual bleeding. What factors in her history will the nurse identify as increasing the risk for endometrial cancer? Select all that apply. -Obesity -Diabetes mellitus -Estrogen therapy -Polycystic ovary syndrome -Trichomonas infection

Obesity, Diabetes mellitus, Estrogen therapy, Polycystic ovary syndrome

The nurse performs a complete physical assessment on a client with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Which assessment findings support this diagnosis? Select all that apply. -Dysmenorrhea -Obesity -Elevated blood glucose -Increased dark facial hair -Decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) level

Obesity, Elevated blood glucose, Increased dark facial hair

After a long and frustrating course of constant vaginal pain, a 38-year-old woman has diagnosed with generalized vulvodynia by her gynecologist. What treatment plan is most likely to be prescribed by her health care provider? -Narcotic analgesia and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. -Tricyclic antidepressants and gabapentin, an antiepileptic medication. -Lifestyle modifications aimed at accommodating and managing neuropathic pain. -Alternative herbal therapies coupled with antifungal medications.

Tricyclic antidepressants and gabapentin, an antiepileptic medication.

A client who has a history of untreated cervicitis tells the nurse that she is concerned about the risk of experiencing problems with fertility. The nurse explains that problems may result from: -severe abdominal peritonitis. -development of low back pain. -acute urinary tract infection. -ascending infection of the fallopian tubes.

ascending infection of the fallopian tubes.

A client is experiencing oligomenorrhea. The nurse interprets this as: -bleeding that occurs between menstrual cycles. -frequent menstruation with periods less than 21 days apart. -infrequent menstruation with periods more than 35 days apart. -heavy bleeding between and during menstrual cycles.

infrequent menstruation with periods more than 35 days apart.