Chapter 5

The _____ includes the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary.

scope baseline

When using project management software, estimates of work time should be entered only at the work package level; the rest of the WBS items are just groupings or _____ tasks.

summary

A hierarchy is used to show the levels of _____ in the WBS.

task

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope.

work breakdown structure (WBS)

Which technique is used for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks?

mind mapping

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with which process in project scope management?

planning

_____ refer to "conditions or capabilities that must be met by the project or present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification."

Requirements

Which process involves generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization?

benchmarking

During which approach do team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS?

bottom-up

In the _____ approach to creating a WBS, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.

bottom-up

Which document should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project?

scope statement

Which approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail?

top-down

Which approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items?

top-down

Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using which approach?

top-down or bottom-up approach

The main outputs of _____are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.

scope definition

Which action involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them?

Collecting requirements

Which action involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved?

Defining scope

A work package must always represent less than 80 hours of work.

False

A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver.

False

Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.

False

Given the project management software that is available, it is relatively easy to create a good WBS.

False

Project scope statements must include the project boundaries, constraints, and assumptions.

False

The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project.

False

The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects.

False

Which process uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems?

JAD

____ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas when creating a WBS.

Mind mapping

_____ involves controlling changes to the project scope while keeping project goals and business strategy in mind.

Scope control

_____ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

Scope creep

What process involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders?

Scope validation

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

True

Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.

True

Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement.

True

Many organizations provide different guidelines and templates for developing WBSs.

True

Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format.

True

Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project.

True

Scope creep if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects.

True

Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.

True

Which process involves identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them?

Use case modeling

_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

Use case modeling

Which action involves normalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables?

Validating scope

Which term refers to the difference between planned and actual performance?

Variance

_____ is the difference between planned and actual performance.

Variance

Which approach for constructing a WBS uses a similar project's WBS as a starting point?

analogy

Subdividing the project deliverables into smaller pieces is known as _____.

decomposition

What is the main technique used in creating a WBS, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces?

decomposition

Which term describes a product produced as part of a project?

deliverable

The main outputs of scope definition are the _____ and project document updates.

project scope statement

Which task is at the lowest level of the WBS?

work package

The tasks in a WBS must be developed as a sequential list of steps.

False

The main purpose of the WBS is to define all of the work required to complete a project.

True

A work package is a task at the _____ level of the WBS.

lowest

The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors do not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.

False

The scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors.

False

_____ includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what work is or is not included in a project.

Project scope management

Which process involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system?

Prototyping

_____ involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system.

Prototyping

Some organizations prescribe the form and content for WBSs for particular projects. These are known as _____.

guidelines

The main tool for performing scope validation is _____ and group decision making techniques.

inspection

Which statement best describes scope?

work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them

Creating the _____ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.

work breakdown structure (WBS)

Which output documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed?

requirements management plan

What is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed referred to as?

requirements traceability matrix

A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.

requirements traceability matrix (RTM)

Which is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

The scope of a project is clear and specific from the start.

False

_____ refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.

Scope

The project management plan, project documents, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS.

True

The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.

True

The scope management plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project.

True

A(n) _____ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.

WBS dictionary

What is scope creep?

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger

Which document contains a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project?

work breakdown structure