Chapter 5 A&P

Vellus Hairs

"baby hairs; small, short, and soft hairs.

Melanin

A brown-yellow pigment produced by melanocytes

Club hair

During the resisting phase, the hair loses its attachment to the follicle and becomes a ______.

Inflammation, Migration, Proliferation, and Scarring

Explain how the body responds to injury and is able to repair itself.

Papillary Layer

The _______ consists of highly vascularized areolar tissue. It contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory nerve fibers that supply the surface of the skin.

Hair Papilla

The _______ is a small connective tissue peg filled with blood vessels and nerves.

Medulla

The _______ of the hair consists of daughter cells formed at the center of the hair matrix

Subcutaneous Layer

The ________ separates the integument from the fascia around deeper organs

Reticular Layer

The _________ consists of dense irregular connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

The epidermis consists of what type of epithelium?

Keratinocytes

The epidermis is dominated by _________, the body's most abundant epithelial cells

Glucocorticoids

The hormone that is released when stressed.

Soft Keratin

The medulla of the hair contains a flexible ________.

Basal cell carcinoma

The most common type of skin cancer is known as:

Nail bed

The nail body covers an area of epidermis called the ________.

Hyponychium

The part of the nail that is a area of thickened stratum corneum.

Proliferation Phase

The phase of repair when the clot has started to dissolve, and the number of capillaries decline.

Migration Phase

The phase of repair when the integument starts to form a scab on the surface that temporarily restores the skin.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

These type of glands are found in the armpits, around the nipples, and pubic region.

Merocrine Sweat Glands

These types of glands discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of the skin.

Thyroid Hormones

This hormone maintains a normal blood flow to the sub papillary plexus

Sex hormones

This hormone stimulates epidermal cell division, increasing epidermal thickness and accelerating wound repair.

Thick skin

This is found in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, and contains a 5th strata

Subcutaneous Layer

This is not truly a layer of the skin; separates the skin from deeper structures. Stabilizes the skins position.

Stratum Basale

This layer is the basal layer of the epidermis. Hemidesmosomes attach the cells of this layer to the basement membrane that separates the epidermis from the areolar tissue.

Stratum Granulosum

This layer of the epidermis consists of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes. By the time cells have reached this layer, most cells have stopped dividing and have started making large amounts of keratin and keratohyalin

Stratum Spinosum

This layer of the epidermis consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes bound together by desmosomes. Cells look like 'pincushions" and this layer contains dendritic cells, which participate in the immune response

Stratum Corneum

This layer of the epidermis is found in thick and thin skin, contains a layer of dead cells, and carries Keratin.

Bulbous Corpuscles

This touch receptor are sensitive to pressure and stretching of the skin. They are found in the reticular layer of the dermis.

Tactile Corpuscles

This touch receptor detects sensations of delicate touch, pressure, and vibrations. They are found in the papillary layer of the dermis.

Tactile Discs

This touch receptor detects sensations of texture and steady pressure. They are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis.

Lamellar Corpuscles

This touch receptor is sensitive to deep pressure and vibrations. They are found in dermal and subcutaneous layers.

Free nerve endings

This touch receptor is sensitive to touch and pressure. They are found between epidermal cells.

3rd Degree Burns

This type of burn destroys the epidermis and dermis, all the way down to the subcutaneous layer. Skin grafting is necessary.

Thin Skin

This type of skin covers most of the body's surface, and contains 4 strata

Xenograft

Using animal skin to replace damaged skin is called:

Allografts

Using frozen skin to replace skin because a patient doesn't have enough themselves is called:

Papillary and Reticular layer

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Cutaneous membrane and Accessory Structures

What are the 2 main parts of the Integumentary System?

Epidermis and Dermis

What are the 2 major components of the cutaneous membrane?

Carotene and Melanin

What are the 2 pigments contained in the epidermis?

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, and Stratum Basale

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

Protects, Secretes substances, Maintains normal body temp, Melanin production, Keratin production, Stores lipids, and Sensory info

What are the major functions of the Integumentary system?

Fluid and electrolyte balance, Thermoregulation, and Protection from infection

What are the skin functions that are effected by burns??

Growth hormone

What hormone stimulates growth activity and collagen synthesis.

keloid

What is a raised thickened mass of scar tissue that begins at the site of injury and grows into the surrounding dermis???

Rickets

What is the name of the condition when a person has flexible and poorly mineralized bones?

Auto graft

When a patient uses their own undamaged skin to replace their own is called:

Nail root

Where does nail production occur??

Melanosomes

__________, travel within the processes of melanocytes and are transferred into keratinocytes

Epocychium

A portion of the stratum corneum of the nail root extends over the exposed nail, forming the ______.

Carotene

A yellow-orange pigment that normally accumulates in epidermal cells

Myoepithelial Cells

Cells that squeeze the gland and discharge the accumulated secretion.

Terminal Hairs

Coarse, often darkly pigmented hairs

1st Degree Burns

In _______ burns, only the surface of the skin is affected.

2nd Degree Burns

In ________ burns, the entire epidermis and some of the dermis is effected.

Stratum Lucidum

In this layer of the epidermis, cells are flattened and closely/tightly packed together. It also contains keratin and keratohyalin proteins.

Local blood vessels

Like all other epithelia, the epidermis lacks _______.

Fewer melanocytes, Thinner epidermis, Drier epidermis, Diminished immune response, Thinning dermis, Decreased perspiration, Reduced blood supply, Slower skin repair, Fewer active follicles, and Altered hair and fat distribution.

List the aging effects on the integument.

Stratum Basale

Melanocytes are located in the ________.

Lunula

Near the root, the dermal blood vessels are obscured by a thickened stratum basale in the nail bed, leaving a pale crescent known as the _______.

Sebaceous Follicle

Secretes oil onto surface of the skin

Sebaceous Glands

Secrete oil or "sebum" onto hair follicles

Hard Keratin

THe cortex of the hair contains thick layers of ____, which give the hair its stiffness.

Hair Matrix

The ______ consists of a layer of basal cells at the base of the hair bulb in contract with the hair papilla.

Nail body

The ______ is the visible part of the nail

Dermis

The ______ lies between the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer of the skin.

Cuticle

The ______ of the hair consists of daughter cells produced at the edges of the hair matrix.

Cortex

The ______ of the hair is an intermediate layer of daughter cells deep to the cuticle .