Chapter 5 AG

In determining that it was unconstitutional to reserve 10 percent of federally funded construction projects for minority-owned firms in Adarand v. Peña (1995), the Supreme Court used what part of the test it applies to affirmative action cases?

"narrowly tailored"

Which of the following are among the legacies of the practice of redlining?

-· Segregated neighborhoods still exist. -Hispanics and African Americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites).

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

-· Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections. -A state requires separate public bathrooms for Black and white people.

How old was Tamir Rice when he was shot and killed by police in a park in Cleveland, Ohio?

12

Which of the following amendments prohibited government from denying citizens the right to vote based on their race, creed or condition of previous servitude?

15th

In which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?

2007

How old is a president supposed to be and how long to senators serve?

35; 6 years

Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s Blank______ percent of Black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely Black.

95

In order to expand employment opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups, the federal government requires agencies and businesses that receive federal funds or contracts to ______.

Abolition

The Supreme Court decision in what case led many affirmative action opponents to believe that the Court may have been on its way to abolishing affirmative action completely?

Adarand v. Peña

In the unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court found that segregated schools made Black students feel like they had Blank______ in the community and were thus "inherently unequal."

An inferior status

Which of the following is true of discrimination against the disabled in the United States?

Before 1975, 4 million children with disabilites were getting either no education or an inapporporate one

Following the end of the Civil War, all of the following barriers were used by states to limit the right to vote of newly freed slaves, EXCEPT

Black primaries

What was the reality show the podcast refers to where uncensored violence became a form of entertainment?

COPS

Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments?

Civil Rights

In order for an affirmative action program to be upheld as constitutional, the Supreme Court requires that government prove what kind of governmental interest?

Compelling

(For the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments) All of the following are "resolutions" in the document except

Congress must pass a law guaranteeing women equal pay.

What was the goal of the Fourteenth Amendment?

Ensuring equal treatment under the law

Which proposed amendment to the Constitution was passed by the Congress in the early 1970s but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?

Equal Rights Amendment

True or false: The idea that "all men are created equal," as stated in the Declaration of Independence, has always been understood to include all people in the United States.

False

Who was the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party?

Geraldine Ferraro

This condition of voting stated that an individual was exempt from paying poll taxes or taking literacy tests if their grandfathers had the right to vote prior to 1965.

Grandfather clause

Which laws, passed in a number of states following the Civil War, required strict separation of the races in all public accommodations including schools, hospitals and hotels?

Jim Crow

decades ago in ___, the police were caught on camera beating Rodney King. It sparked riotes all over the city, even more so when the police were found not guility

Los Angeles

Which of the following statements is true of age discrimination in the United States?

Mandatory retirement ages for most jobs have been eliminated by law.

In 1968, there was sanitation strike in _____, in which Black men challenged the white power structure by declaring "I AM A MAN."

Memphis

Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?

More than half grow up in a single-parent family.

Why does de facto segregation typically occur?

People choose to live with others who share their racial and ethnic characteristics.

The "separate but equal" doctrine was established by which Supreme Court decision?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What U.S. Supreme Court ruling became a justification for the separate and unequal treatment of African Americans?

Plessy v. Ferguson

Which of the following is FALSE?

Public opinion on same-sex marriage has not changed significantly in the last 20 years.

Which of the following statements about public schools is true?

Public schools are becoming more segregated nationally Many urban public school districts have ended the use of busing for desegregation purposes. White flight to suburban schools has made it more difficult to desegregate urban schools. The supreme Court, after ordering cutbacks in busing, said that communities were free to use alternatives, such as increased spending on schools in poor neighborhoods.

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

What is the current status of de jure segregation in the United States?

Segregation is not permitted anywhere

What was politically significant about Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election?

She became the first woman to head the national ticket of a major political party

In which 2013 case did the Supreme Court invalidate Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act that included the formula for determining which states and counties were subject to federal oversight?

Shelby County v. Holder

n this 2013 case, the Supreme Court overturned the formula used by Congress to determine which states required preclearance of their state redistricting plans?

Shelby v. Holder

The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in ______.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County

After what document is the Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments modeled?

The Declaration of Independence

_____ have(has) authority over Native Americans living on reservations

The federal government, according to the terms of its treaty with the tribe

The podcast points out the videos from cell phones and dashboard cameras, while traumatizing, have had little impact on policy or change for

The justice system

True or false: The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned segregation in public accommodations such as restaurants and movie theaters, is based on Congress's power to regulate commerce.

True

True or false: Women working in nonprofessional fields often cannot find jobs that pay enough to cover child-care expenses as well as other expenses.

True

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was unconstitutional?

U.S. v Virginia

Which law, passed by Congress in 1965, outlawed discriminatory voting restrictions such as the grandfather clause and literacy test?

Voting Rights Act

What law, passed in 1965, removed certain barriers to voting, including the Grandfather Clause, the literacy test, and the poll tax?

Voting rights act of 1965

The movement for women's rights was initially aligned with the _______movement

abolition

As part of what movement did advocates for women's suffrage (voting rights) become active on a large scale?

abolitionist movement

Which policy requires the federal government to implement measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?

affirmative action

In general, the Supreme Court has held that gender discrimination in law is ______.

almost always unconstitutional

In the case of Shelby County v. Holder (2013), the majority held that the formula for identifying states and counties subject to federal oversight of changes related to voting was______.

based on obsolete statistics

Following the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, states enacted all of the following voting restrictions EXCEPT

black primaries.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was aimed in large part at eliminating discrimination

by private individuals in their employment practices and in their operation of public accommodations (e.g hotels, restaurants)

Which type of discrimination is based on the law?

de jure discrimination

Serving the United States in the fight against Nazism in World War II led African American soldiers to ______.

demand their civil rights

According to Swedish sociologist Gunnar Myrdal, _____ is America's curse.

discrimination

A shortcoming of the Fourteenth Amendment is that it did not

discrimination by private parties

The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned ______.

discrimination in public accommodations

One area in which African Americans have made substantial progress in obtaining equality of representation since the 1960s is

elective office

Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

equal access to public facilities equal access to the opportunities society provides the right of every person to equal protection under the law

The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ruling (1954) held that racial segregation in schools violated the

equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution was at the center of the argument in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

equal-protection clause

In order to expand employment opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups, the federal government requires agencies and businesses that receive federal funds or contracts to______.

establish policies aimed at ensuring that all job applicants are treated fairly

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 was introduced to prohibit discrimination in

housing

Equality under the law does NOT necessarily lead to

improved life prospects for disadvantaged groups

An American Dilemma, the text for which Swedish sociologist Gunnar Myrdal gained fame, deals with

issues of racism

One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that

it is viewed as giving preferential treatment, which is unpopular, instead of simply ensuring equal treatment.

The Supreme Court has stated that in order for an affirmative action program to be upheld, the program must be _________.

narrowly tailored

The political power of Hispanic groups continues to be limited because

only about half of all Hispanics are registered to vote.

The 1964 Civil Rights Act outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in

public accommodations such as hotels and restaurants

Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?

reasonable-basis test

At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large Black populations.

redlining

Which of the following is a key result of the civil rights movement?

removing discrimination in voting requirements

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared that " ____" but equal facilities do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.

separate

Any law that attempts a racial or ethnic classification is subject to the

strict scrutiny test

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.

strict-scrutiny

According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of______.

suspect classifications

Tisa, and American of African origin, finds it difficult to buy a house in a locality occupied predominantly by Whites. The residents of this locality are apprehensive about an African-American living in their vicinity. Tisa is unable to find a bank willing to Grant her a mortgage loan for this locality. In this scenario, which of the following acts contesa use against this discrimination

the Civil Rights Act of 1968

which of the following is true regarding protections according to disadvantaged groups in the United States

the disabled are protected from discrimination through statutes

In adarand v. Pena, the Supreme Court struck down an affirmative action program designed to award 10% if government contracts to minority firms on the basis that

these firms cannot benefit from past discrimination against minority-owned firms

What are comparable worth policies?

those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education

What was the intention of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling?

to maintain segregation while claiming equality

Which of the following would NOT be considered a superficial difference?

wealth and political power

Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in ______.

winning elective office

All of the following are injustices mentioned in the document's "declarations" except

women are not considered fit to run for office.

Which of the following statements about affirmative action are true?

·-Most Americans support programs to give equal treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically. -Most Americans oppose programs that give preferential treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically.

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 entail?

-It allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against Black voters. -It banned discriminatory voter registration practices.

Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

-Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men. -The average pay for women workers is only 82 percent of the amount earned by male workers.

The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?

-been foundational in legal decisions -given moral strength to diverse movements -inspired a hope for eventual equality

Which of the following tactics were used by Martin Luther King Jr. in his leadership of the civil rights movement?

-boycotts -marches in nonviolent protest

De jure segregation is allowed by what?

Law