Chapter 5
Since humans have been present, the amount of sediments carried by rivers has increased by a factor of about
15 trillon
List three factors that affect the rest of weathering
Mechanical weather climate rock characteristics
what kind of soil is found in the C horizon of a soil profile
Partially weathered parent material
made of equal parts of clay silt and sand
Pedalfer Soil
the air component in soil provides plants with the ____ needed for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
the inscriptions on marble gravestones become harder and harder to read over time this is caused by
chemical weathering
when's rock is exposed to chemical weathering it changes into one or more new
compound
the slowest type of mass movement, involves the lifting and contracting of soil particles over time
creeps
in a soil profile the ____ layers contain parent material that is hardly weathered at all
deepest
Rock features such as the sculpted pinnacles seen in Bryce Canyon National Park are the result of ____.
differential weathering
one of the most dramatic triggers of sudden mass movements is a
earthquake
oversteepened slopes often lead to____ because the angle of their slope is greater than 49 degrees
erosion
what weathering processes involves the constant freezing and thawing of water
frost wedging
sooo formation be greatest in a flat area in a ____ wet climate areas
hot
chemical weathering is highest in areas that are very
hot and most
Pedalfer soils would most likely be found
in the eastern half of the United States
laterite soil contain high amounts of
iron oxide
human activities such as farming ___ and construction remove vegation from the land and increase the rate of erosion
logging
a landform called a stream valley is the most common result of
mass movement
The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock's chemical composition is called
mechanical weathering
happens when different parts of a rock mass weather at different rates
mechanical weathering
during the process of soil formation _____ decompose dead plant and animals, increasing the amount of organic matter
microorganisms
In general, the largest component of bog soils is
mineral matter
list 3 major components of soil
mineral matter water air
One cause of chemical weathering is the ____ that dissolves in water and then reacts with many common minerals forming oxides
oxygen
large amounts of calcium carbonate are typical of
pedical soil
On a steep slope, erosion is accelerated because there is not enough moisture to sustain sufficient
plant, growth
the main source of organic matter in soil is
plants
Soil that forms on unconsolidated deposits is called
residual soil
A mass movement that involves the sudden movement of a block of material is called a
rockslide
a dense impenetrable layer found in the B horizon of a soil profile
subsoil
Mass movement always leads to landslides
true
Precipitation affects the rate at which nutrients are removed from soil
true
one triggers of mass movements is the pores in sediments filling with
water
the processed called _____ involves physical forces that break rock into smaller pieces
weathering