Chapter 5

In light of what is said in the text about groups, if I am a member of a parent-teacher association (PTA), which of the following am I involved in? a. A formal organization b. An audience c. A private organization d. An informal organization

a. A formal organization

Pastoral societies are based on the domestication of animals. In addition, they are characterized by a. being nomadic. b. having no material wealth. c. a lack of any division of labor. d. their location in rich farmlands.

a. being nomadic.

Erving Goffman's analysis of interaction views the participants as actors on a stage. This perspective is called the _____ model of social interaction. a. dramaturgy b. social exchange c. impressionist d. equilibrium

a. dramaturgy

Parents vary their pattern of touch or tactile communication most often based on _______. a. gender b. communication style c. race d. age

a. gender

Julie has a positive response when she sees Carl. Julie is experiencing _____. a. interpersonal attraction b. proxemic communication c. imprinting d. affiliation

a. interpersonal attraction

A pastoral society is unlike a forging society because: a. it develops a division of labor. b. it lacks a division of labor. c. it lacks surplus. d. a forging society is more complex.

a. it develops a division of labor.

Nonverbal communication: a. varies according to ones race, class, and gender. b. varies very little from one society to another. c. is usually one-way. d. is of little interest to sociologists because it is so difficult to observe.

a. varies according to ones race, class, and gender.

How does post-industrialism impact members of society? a. Most have more leisure time b. Education, particularly science, takes on paramount importance c. Full employment as new kinds of jobs are created d. New kinds of jobs pay better so most make more money

b. Education, particularly science, takes on paramount importance

Research on interpersonal attractiveness is very clear that: a. politics do not matter when it comes to love. b. attraction to people who are very similar to us is most common. c. there is not pattern to interpersonal attraction. d. opposites attract.

b. attraction to people who are very similar to us is most common.

An ascribed status is one that is _________. a. an earned status b. beyond the individuals control c. a low rank d. the responsibility of the individual

b. beyond the individuals control

Gender may be considered an achieved status as well as an ascribed status for all of the following reasons, except: a. some people transition in some way from the sex into which they were born. b. gender and sex are unique concepts. c. people enact their gender through behaviors and appearance. d. gender is socially constructed.

b. gender and sex are unique concepts.

According to Ervin Goffman, when Jim willfully tries to manipulate others, he is engaging in _________ . a. role conflict b. impression management c. exploitation d. role strain

b. impression management

Emile Durkheim described society as sui generis. This means that society: a. is made up of a lot of individualized social interaction. b. lacks order because it has such great diversity. c. is greater than the sum of its parts. d. is the term for a set of groups and organizations in the same location.

c. is greater than the sum of its parts.

Anne is a college student, a full-time employee, and a mother of two young children. Anne is likely experiencing: a. status inconsistency. b. role strain. c. role conflict. d. status sets.

c. role conflict.

A student who admires her basketball coach and plans to become a coach herself is an example of _____. a. role imitation b. role reversal c. role modeling d. taking the role of the other

c. role modeling

An immigrant from Vietnam was a lawyer in his home country. In the U.S. he cannot practice law, and so he drives a cab for a living. His experience is an example of _____. a. ascribed status b. role strain c. status inconsistency d. role conflict

c. status inconsistency

In postindustrial societies a. there is very little social differentiation or division of labor. b. religion and family are the most vital social institutions. c. the economy is dependent on the production and distribution of services and knowledge. d. social inequality is rare.

c. the economy is dependent on the production and distribution of services and knowledge.

Postindustrial societies are characterized by a. a large working class of industrial laborers. b. an increase in manufacturing jobs. c. the production of information services. d. a strict division of labor.

c. the production of information services.

Preindustrial societies are those that a. no longer manufacture; they produce information. b. do not raise any crops. c. work directly with the land. d. only forage for food.

c. work directly with the land.

Ethnomethodology is based on the premise that: a. conflict over the norms for a situation is part of what holds society together. b. most people do not act according to social norms. c. we never know what to expect from other people. d. we are not wholly aware of the norms that we use even though they are shared.

d. we are not wholly aware of the norms that we use even though they are shared.

A condition wherein a single role brings conflicting expectations is called role _____. a. confusion b. breakdown c. conflict d. strain

d. strain

_____ predicts that human interaction has the characteristics of a game. a. Zero-sum b. Impression management c. Social exchange theory d. Game theory

d. Game theory

A status that is earned is called an: a. acquired status. b. ascribed status. c. assumed status. d. achieved status.

d. achieved status.

In regards to interpersonal attraction, sociologists find that: a. people tend to fear too much personal disclosure when communicating online. b. absence makes the heart grow fonder; we tend to find those who live further away from us more attractive. c. attraction to others is not sociological. d. close proximity is one of the determinants of attraction between people.

d. close proximity is one of the determinants of attraction between people.

According to Emile Durkheim, _____ gives groups social solidarity because members of a group feel they are part of one society. a. the social macrostructure b. popular culture c. class consciousness d. collective consciousness

d. collective consciousness