Chapter 5 Geography

42. Robert Malthus did NOT believe that A. The biological potential for population growth is less than the potential for increasing food supplies. B. Equilibrium will be achieved between numbers and support services C. If unchecked, human population would increase at a geometric rate while food supplies expanded at an arithmetic rate. D. Humans must restrain their reproductive capacity or nature would enact destructive checks.

. The biological potential for population growth is less than the potential for increasing food supplies.

4. Carrying capacity is A. the maximum biomass an environment will produce. B. a function of distance decay. C. the maximum number of people that can be supported by available resources and technology. D. a reflection of cultural diffusion.

. the maximum number of people that can be supported by available resources and technology.

29. What is the rate of natural increase of a country's population if the crude birth rate is 35 per 1,000 and crude death rate is 10 per 1,000? A. 25 per 1,000 B. 45 per 1,000 C. 25% D. 45%

A. 25 per 1,000

13. The continent with the highest total fertility rates overall is A. Africa. B. Asia. C. South America. D. Europe.

A. Africa.

24. Of the following countries, which has the lowest crude density? A. Australia B. United States C. United Kingdom D. Iran

A. Australia

35. Which one of the following locations in the world is most associated with the greatest concentrations of population? A. continental margins in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere B. interiors of continents in the low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere C. continental margins in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere D. continental margins in the low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere

A. continental margins in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere

30. In 2006, the United Nations forecast that the world population would reach ______ by 2050. A. 6.7 billion B. 9.2 billion. C. 13.6 billion. D. 18.3 billion.

B. 9.2 billion.

36. Which one of the following areas has the densest population? A. South America B. Europe C. Canada D. United States E. Figure 06.21

B. Europe

10. In recent years, the world population has grown annually by about A. 6 million. B. 23 million. C. 77 million. D. 122 million.

C. 77 million.

15. The portions of the earth's surface permanently inhabited by humans make up the A. environment. B. ecosphere. C. ecumene. D. biome.

C. ecumene.

53. The rate of world population increase slowed notably after World War II.

FALSE

66. Negative population growth or implosion can only be found in European countries.

FALSE

14. The Malthusian theory is based on which of the following assumptions? A. As urbanization occurs, the rate of population growth decreases. B. Population tends to increase more rapidly than do the food supplies to support that population. C. Growth in productive capacity generally exceeds population increases. D. Food production increases geometrically, while population grows arithmetically.

Population tends to increase more rapidly than do the food supplies to support that population.

49. After 2008, the world's urban population outnumbered the world's rural population.

TRUE

57. The nonecumene is discontinuous and found on all continents.

TRUE

61. Collectively, less developed countries contained over two-thirds of the world's urban population at the start of the 21st century.

TRUE

17. Which of the following does NOT describe a characteristic of world population distribution? A. People congregate in lowland areas. B. People congregate in coastal areas. C. The majority of the world's population resides in developing countries of the Southern Hemisphere. D. Dry regions have lower population densities.

The majority of the world's population resides in developing countries of the Southern Hemisphere.

45. Since many societies have a dominantly young age structure, their population will tend to increase over the short run despite successful national family planning programs.

True

19. The crude death rate for wealthy Western Europe is much higher than that for Central America because A. foreign aid and free medical services are widely available in Central America. B. higher urbanization in Western Europe increases the incidence of infectious diseases. C. Western Europe has a higher proportion of old people. D. tropical areas, including Central America, generally have healthier climates than northern latitude regions.

Western Europe has a higher proportion of old people.

2. Consider the following data: Country A Crude birth rate 38 per 1,000 Crude death rate 18 per 1,000 Country B Crude birth rate 19 per 1,000 Crude death rate 9 per 1,000 From the data, one might conclude that Country B A. has avoided the demographic transition. B. has achieved zero population growth (ZPG). C. is an industrialized, urbanized society. D. has a negative rate of natural increase.

is an industrialized, urbanized society.

21. An expression of population pressure exerted on agricultural land is A. crude density. B. arithmetical density. C. aggregate density. D. physiological density.

physiological density.

12. When the average total fertility rate of a population drops to the replacement level, A. population numbers stabilize and growth automatically ceases. B. deaths begin to outnumber births. C. the average age of the population steadily increases. D. population continues to grow for a generation or more.

population continues to grow for a generation or more.

7. Zero population growth (ZPG) A. refers to an exact equation of births and deaths. B. implies an unchanging population age structure. C. implies a wide base to the population pyramid. D. results when immigration matches emigration.

refers to an exact equation of births and deaths.

32. One of the principal reasons for the notable decline in death rates in Europe, beginning after 1860, was A. the introduction of penicillin and other antibiotics. B. the reduction in population pressure due to large-scale emigration. C. the eradication of man-made diseases. D. the reduction of deaths due to epidemics.

the reduction of deaths due to epidemics.

47. A cohort is a population group unified by an identifying characteristic.

true

28. A country with a population of 2 million inhabitants has 50,000 births a year. What is its crude birth rate? A. 25 per 1,000 B. 40 per 1,000 C. 50 per 1,000 D. 100 per 1,000

A. 25 per 1,000

50. Approximately 35 to 40 percent of the earth's land area is without significant human settlement.

TRUE

40. In the Cairo Plan, the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development endorsed A. government imposition of population control in the line of the Chinese policy of one child per family. B. giving women greater control over their lives, greater economic equality and opportunity and greater voice in reproduction decisions. C. developed countries to send their delegates including Hollywood celebrities to promote the concept of small family and use of contraceptives for both men and women. D. forced sterilization of men and women after the birth of their second child.

B. giving women greater control over their lives, greater economic equality and opportunity and greater voice in reproduction decisions.

18. A wide bottom on a population pyramid suggests a country is in the __________ stage of the demographic transition. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth

B. second

27. Which one of the following continents has the highest birth rate? A. Asia B. South America C. Africa D. North America

C. Africa

1. Consider the following data: Country A Crude birth rate 38 per 1,000 Crude death rate 18 per 1,000 Country B Crude birth rate 19 per 1,000 Crude death rate 9 per 1,000 The data tell us that the annual rates of natural increase of Country A and Country B are A. 56 per 1,000 and 28 per 1,000, respectively. B. 3.8% and 1.9%, respectively. C. Country A has twice the rate as does Country B. twice the rate of Country B. D. Country B has twice the rate as does Country A.

C. Country A has twice the rate as does Country B. twice the rate of Country B.

37. Which of the following regions has the lowest total fertility rates? A. South Asia B. North America C. Europe D. Central America E. Figure 06.05

C. Europe

3. Consider the following data: Country A Crude birth rate 38 per 1,000 Crude death rate 18 per 1,000 Country B Crude birth rate 19 per 1,000 Crude death rate 9 per 1,000 From the data, it is apparent that A. the population of Country A will double in 140 years. B. the population of Country B will double in 70 years. C. the carrying capacity of Country A is being strained. D. Country A has a larger population than Country B.

the population of Country B will double in 70 years.

38. Which country is well-known for a very stringent population policy of one child per family? A. India B. Japan C. Nicaragua D. China

D. China

23. Of the following countries, which has the highest physiological density? A. United Kingdom B. Argentina C. India D. Japan

D. Japan

33. The stage in the demographic transition model in which the death rate and the birth rate remain at low levels is A. Stage 1. B. Stage 2. C. Stage 3. D. Stage 4.

D. Stage 4.

5. The systematic study of human population is A. ecology. B. ekistics. C. geography. D. demography.

D. demography.

31. A population pyramid that is wide at the base indicates a A. low death rate. B. high proportion of old people. C. higher proportion of males than females. D. high birth rate.

D. high birth rate.

41. According to United Nations projections, almost all population growth between 2000 and 2030 will take place __________. A. in the Southern Hemisphere B. in rural areas of developing regions C. in the world's mega-cities D. in urban areas of developing regions

D. in urban areas of developing regions

20. Which of the following characteristics of a national population is NOT evident from its population pyramid? A. age structure B. sex structure C. dependency ratio D. infant mortality rate

D. infant mortality rate

51. Fertility rates are declining in all world regions.

TRUE

52. Highest crude birth rates are found in developing countries of Africa, southern Asia, and Latin America.

TRUE

55. Urbanization is associated with declining birth rates.

TRUE

56. Developing countries have compressed within a very few years the mortality reductions that took Western Europe a century or more to achieve.

TRUE

63. Improved women's education in some developing countries like Bangladesh has helped in reducing total fertility rate.

TRUE

64. According to a United Nations estimate, as many as 200 million women worldwide are demographically missing.

TRUE

67. Concepts related to overpopulation are food security and carrying capacity.

TRUE

11. Which of the following statements about AIDS is NOT true? A. Worldwide, AIDS is the 4th most common cause of death. B. About 90% of HIV-positive persons reside in developing countries. C. Vaccines and immunotherapies developed since 2000 suggest AIDS will have only minor impact on developing countries' population pyramids. D. About 60% of HIV-positive persons in sub-Saharan Africa are women.

Vaccines and immunotherapies developed since 2000 suggest AIDS will have only minor impact on developing countries' population pyramids.

39. Even with a total fertility rate of 2.1, some countries may experience continued increase in the number of people due to _______. A. high birth and low death rates B. lack of contraception available for women C. population or demographic momentum D. government intervention or family planning

population or demographic momentum

26. In 2008, the total population of the world was estimated to be about A. 4.6 billion people. B. 6.7 billion people. C. 7.2 billion people. D. 8.2 billion people.

B. 6.7 billion people.

9. One check to rapid population increase formerly available to European countries but not a possibility in today's developing societies was A. industrialization. B. mass migration. C. infanticide. D. contraception.

B. mass migration.

25. Rapid increases in life expectancy are characteristic of the __________ stage of the demographic cycle. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth

B.Second

22. Which of the following is not one of the world's four major population clusters? A. East Asia. B. South Asia. C. Mexico and Central America. D. northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.

C. Mexico and Central America.

34. What is the number of years required for a country's population to double, assuming a growth rate of approximately 20 people per 1,000 each year? A. 20 years B. 25 years C. 30 years D. 35 years

D. 35 years

16. The continent with the lowest total fertility rates overall is A. Africa. B. Asia. C. South America. D. Europe.

D. Europe.

54. The shift from high to sub-replacement fertility rates eliminates the problems of high dependency rates.

FALSE

60. By the year 2010, agricultural experts agree, practically all nations will be able to feed their populations from domestic production.

FALSE

62. A majority of the world's population lives in countries with reliable systems for recording births and deaths.

FALSE

8. The theory of the demographic transition holds that A. death rates increase but birth rates decrease with urbanization. B. birth rates increase but death rates decrease with urbanization. C. both birth and death rates increase with urbanization. D. both birth and death rates decrease with urbanization.

both birth and death rates decrease with urbanization.

6. The second stage of the demographic transition is marked by A. high birth rates, and high but fluctuating death rates. B. high birth rates, and low and stable death rates. C. declining birth rates, and continuing high death rates. D. High birth rates, and declining death rates.

High birth rates, and declining death rates.

43. The decline in China's birth rate is attributable to female empowerment.

FALSE

44. Because of its mild climate and fertile soils, Western Europe has always had low birth and death rates.

FALSE

46. A total fertility rate of 1.7 is necessary just to replace present population.

FALSE

48. The homeostatic plateau is reached when the fertility rate approaches zero.

FALSE

58. There is invariably a close correlation between population density and levels of living.

FALSE

65. Malthus' predictions of overpopulation were rejected in the 19th Century and did not influence population policy in the 20th Century.

FALSE

68. For a country or region, the demographic transition predicts available land carrying capacity.

FALSE

59. Overpopulation occurs at densities above 2,500 per square mile.

False