chapter 5 HW
The medical team runs blood tests to confirm the patient's diagnosis. In addition to the presence of varicella zoster antibodies, what result in a complete blood count would be supportive of the initial diagnosis?
Elevated WBC count
Viruses can be grown on culture media like bacteria.
False
Virus X can infect rodents and birds, whereas Virus Y infects humans. Which has a broader host range?
Virus x
Choose the statement that correctly explains why viruses are described as "filterable."
Viruses are able to pass through a filter because of their small size.
Rather than to argue that a virus is "alive," it is preferred to say a virus is _______
active
Viral spikes ________
attach specifically to host cell receptors
The viral capsid ______
becomes completely enclosed by the region of the cell membrane into which the spikes and matrix protein are embedded
Rabies virus has a _______ host range as compared to hepatitis B virus
broad
Enveloped viruses are usually released from the host cell by ___
budding
All viruses leave a cell by exocytosis.
false
Viruses are usually ______ in size, and their structure is best viewed through the use of _______ microscopy.
nanometers; electron
An envelope is acquired during which step of the viral life cycle?
release
A portion of the viral envelope comes from the cell membrane of the host cell.
true
The first event to occur is _______.
viral spike proteins are inserted into host cell membrane
Choose the statement that indicates how cytopathic effects are detected.
Examine infected cells with a microscope
This table from the CDC represents the top five pathogens that contribute to acquired foodborne illness. Looking at the table and using your textbook as a resource for additional help, choose all of the answers below that correctly summarize the given data.
Four of these five agents are bacterial pathogens. The majority of foodborne illness is caused by viruses. Antibiotics would be effective in less than half of these cases of foodborne illness.
Several _________ glycoproteins are used by the virus to ________ to human host cells possessing the correct ACE __________.
Spike absorb receptor
Select the three choices that are the primary purposes of cultivating viruses.
To isolate viruses from clinical specimens To prepare viruses for vaccines To research the biology of viruses
Select the three methods that are used to cultivate viruses
Use of cell culture techniques Use of animal inoculation Inoculation of embryonated eggs
The RN advises the patient on a treatment plan. All of the following are priority recommendations, except ________.
administration of chickenpox vaccine
Every virus particle contains ________
either DNA or RNA
The patients in the opening case file were diagnosed with viral gastroenteritis and were treated with antibiotic drugs to clear the infection
false
When growing in cell cultures, viral infection may be indicated by a clear well-defined patch where host cells have been lysed. This patch of destroyed cells is known as a ________
plaque
Viral capsids are composed of ______
protein
Based upon the patient's presentation, which of the following viral diseases is the most likely cause of the rash?
shingles
Both enveloped and naked viruses can enter a cell by endocytosis.
true
cellular inclusions, cell enlargement, cell fusion, cell lysis, and syncytia formation are all examples of cytopathic effects demonstrated by viral-infected cells.
true
The patient asks what kind of treatment may be available. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate response by the RN?
Antiviral drugs are not appropriate as symptoms have been present for greater than 72 hours
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel member of the __________ family
Coronaviridae
Why are CD4 counts related to HIV infection?
HIV can only bind to cells with CD4 receptors
Choose the statement that best describes the role of viral surface proteins or spikes.
Provide means of attachment to host cell surface
It possesses a _______ genome and a viral ________ made up of a ________ bilayer
RNA envelope phospholipid
Select the terms that describe the possible configurations of viral nucleic acids
Single-stranded DNA double-stranded DNA, linear Double-stranded DNA, circular Single-stranded RNA, positive sense Single-stranded RNA, negative sense Double-stranded RNA
What virus is the causative organism of the patient's disease, as well as chickenpox?
Varicella zoster virus
HPV can cause cellular changes that lead to the development of cervical cancer. The virus is said to cause transformation as it changes the growth rate and properties of the host cells. Because of this, HPV can be referred to as a(n) ________ virus.
oncogenic
The host cells that viruses can infect are determined by the ________.
receptors on the host cells
The virus mainly targets the _________ system but also has systemic effects.
respiratory
In general, viruses are ______ than bacterial or protozoan pathogens and are most often measured in units called ________.
smaller, nanometers
Enveloped viruses use glycoproteins called _______ to specifically bind with their host cells.
spikes
What is the source of enveloped viruses' envelopes?
the host cell membrane
In viral entry by endocytosis ________.
the host cell's plasma membrane surrounds the whole virion and forms a vesicle
Choose the primary reason why it is more difficult to design antiviral drugs than antibacterial drugs.
Antiviral drugs often must target host cell functions which results in side effects in the host.
Choose the term that describes a virus that has a membranous outer covering over its capsid, partially derived from a host cell.
Enveloped virus
Select the diseases that are caused by viruses.
FLU, COVID19, WARTS,CHICKEN POX, MEASLES, HERPES
Animal viruses always kill cells they infect.
False
If you could design a drug to "hide" or block sialic acid on respiratory cells, what stage of the life cycle of influenza would be directly impacted?
absorption
The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are ________.
adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release
True or false: The causative agent could be cultured from a patient's stool specimen and Gram-stained to determine its specific identity.
false
Viruses belong to the Domain Archaea.
false
The polio vaccine currently used in the United States, the Salk vaccine, consists of polioviruses that have been treated with chemicals so that they can no longer reproduce within host cells and thus cannot establish an infection. They are referred to as _______, rather than dead, viruses.
inactive