Chapter 5 - Internet Technologies
Proxy Server
A device that stands as an intermediary between an application such as a web browser and the Internet. It intercepts all requests and can use filter rules to allow or deny internet traffic.
Certificate
A digital document that contains encryption keys and is used for encryption and identification.
Pop-up Blocker
A feature of most web browsers that prevents pop-up windows such as advertisements from being displayed.
Social Media Marketing
A marketing tool used on social media to present a business and its message quickly and in the best light possible with the intent to interact with and influence potential customers and expand their business potential.
Cloud Hosting
A method of delivering applications by hosting them in the cloud.
Streaming
A method of transmitting and receiving data (especially video and audio information) over a network as a steady, continuous flow, allowing playback while the data is being transferred.
IP Address
A numerical label that is assigned to devices so they can connect and communicate on a network.
Intranet
A private network, usually hidden from the internet and protected by a security device, that uses the same technologies that are used on the internet and may or may not be connected to the internet.
Social Media Marketer
A professional who uses creative and technical skills to create content for social media platforms in order to reach and influence current and potential customers.
Internet Service Technician
A professional who works with telecommunications equipment and hardware to build infrastructures for networking, telephones, radio, and other communications channels.
Web Application
A program or app that uses the internet and a web browser to complete a task. The user's computer interacts with a remote server to access the app.
Web Search
A search of the World Wide Web using a web browser, often done by visiting a web search engine site such as Google, Bing, or Yahoo.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP-IP)
A set of rules that facilitates internet communication.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
A set of rules that govern the transfer of files between computers.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
A set of rules that govern the transfer of web content between computers.
Cookie
A small piece of data sent from a website and stored on a user's computer by the web browser while the user is browsing. Cookies are designed to help websites remember information such as items in an online shopping cart and entries in a web form so that the website can customize a web page for the user.
On-Demand Streaming
A streaming method that allows users to select and watch or listen to video or audio when they choose, rather than at a scheduled broadcast time.
Live Streaming
A streaming method that transmits data in real time as it is created.
Domain Name System (DNS)
A system and set of rules that associates domain names (such as web servers) with unique IP addresses so users can find and use network resources by an easily readable name instead of by IP address.
RSS
A system based on simple text files that are read by a program to provide a stream of updates or feed about a particular topic. RSS originally stood for RDF Site Summary but is also known as "really simple syndication" or "rich-site summary."
Wi-Fi
A technology that allows computers, smartphones, and other devices to communicate on a wireless network.
Asynchronous Technology
A technology that allows groups to communicate by taking turns, such as in emailing and text messaging.
Synchronous Technology
A technology that allows two or more groups to communicate in real time such as video conferencing, VoIP, or live streaming.
Voice over IP (VoIP)
A technology that sends voice phone calls using the TCP/IP protocol over digital data lines.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
A term associated with cloud hosting. SaaS provides users with the applications they need to do their day-to-day work through the cloud.
Crowdsourcing
A way of reaching out to a large group for help solving a problem. It can involve collecting ideas from users or professionals, or pooling money or resources from a variety of people.
Social Media Platform
A web-based technology to distribute information and encourage people to connect with others who share a common interest. Examples of social media platforms are Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram.
Web Designer
An IT professional who employs skills in color, font, layout, and images to create appealing and useful websites.
Podcast
An audio program split up into episodes that can be enjoyed on demand. Podcast topics can range from cooking, fashion, music, and about any other topic you can think of.
Wiki
An online encyclopedia that uses hyperlinks to connect each entry to other relevant entries.
Online Chat
An online written form of communication that is typically web based and used by businesses as customer service tools to assist online users who visit their websites.
Academic Source
Books or articles written by experts who have credentials in a particular field of study.
Collaboration
Cloud-based applications give you the ability to share documents and collaborate with other people in creating and editing documents.
Downloading
Creating a copy of a file from a web or network server and saving it to your local computer. This allows a user to open the file at any time even if they don't have a network connection.
Resource pooling
Many businesses want to expand their computing resources without having to purchase and maintain additional in-house hardware. For these companies, low-cost cloud hosting solutions are a great option.
Aerial Vehicles
One of the fastest growing markets in IoT is unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) because they provide large commercial and strategic opportunities. For example, these UAS systems (sometimes called drones) can help in industries, such as agriculture, filming, and the military.
IoT cars
Owners of internet-enabled cars can use phones to monitor gas usage and engine status. Online navigation software can be used instead of a separate Global Positioning System (GPS), and music apps can replace the need for a traditional radio.Some cars and trucks can now use the internet to drive themselves. In the future, you may not even need a person behind the wheel. Other IoT innovations include the capability to automatically accelerate or brake a vehicle as needed.
Texting
Phone communication in written form sent through SMS (Short Message Service) that can be sent over a cellular network or the internet. Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) is an extension of SMS that supports picture, audio, and video messaging.
Secondary Source
Resources such as articles or books that review, analyze, or describe primary sources.
Primary Source
Resources such as original speeches, letters, poems, laws, scientific fieldwork, and artwork.
Consumer-level Source
Resources such as personal websites, online forums, news websites, and online magazines whose audience is consumers of information -- people looking for practical information to solve a problem, make a purchasing decision, or just become better informed on current events and issues.
Tertiary Source
Resources that compile or summarize material from other sources including bibliographies, abstracts, and online article indexes and databases.
The Web
Short for World Wide Web. Digital content that is delivered over the Internet, usually through a web browser.
Digital Assistant
Software found on almost every computer or smart device that makes a variety of tasks easier, especially by allowing you to control your device with just your voice. Examples of digital assistants are Apple's Siri, Microsoft's Cortana, Amazon's Alexa, and Google's Google Assistant.
Browser Extension
Software that adds functionality to a web browser.
Software Subscription
Sometimes called SaaS or on-demand software, software that requires a monthly or annual fee to use the software and receive regular updates.
Plagiarism
The act of taking someone else's work and passing it off as one's own.
Accessibility
The cloud gives you access to your data on any device and from any location. All you need is the right application and an internet connection.
Backup
The cloud provides reliable backup solutions. That means you won't lose data when a local storage device fails.
Citation Style
The format used for citing academic sources, including author, date of publication, and journal title.
Buffering
The pre-loading of data from a stream into memory to help avoid interruptions while waiting for data that is received in bursts.
Client-Side Scripting
The process of transferring source code from a web server to a web browser and running that code directly in the browser.
Universal Resource Locator (URL)
The reference or address to a resource on the Internet. Example: http://www.testout.com/home/about/privacy
Caching
The storing of images, sounds, web pages, and other information associated with particular websites that allows a browser to redisplay data without having to reload it from the website.
Cloud Computing
The use of remote services hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data.
The Internet
The worldwide system of interconnected computers and public networks.
High-Anonymity Proxy Servers
These proxy servers periodically change the IP address they give out, making it the most secure and difficult to track of all the different types.
Transparent Proxy Servers
This kind of server tells websites that it is in fact a proxy server and passes along your IP address so that your identity and location are known. These are easy to set up and are often used on public computers, such as those at libraries and schools.
Anonymous Proxy Servers
This kind of server tells websites that it is in fact a proxy server, but it doesn't pass along your IP address. This means that you remain private and helps you avoid being given content such as location-specific advertisements.
Distorting Proxy Servers
This kind of server tells websites that it is in fact a proxy server, but then passes along a false IP address. This means that you appear to be in a different place than where you actually are.
Emergency and medical applications
To save human lives, emergency vehicles can use IoT systems for better response times. A smart ambulance system (SAS) can be integrated with an intelligent traffic control system (ITCS) that controls the timing of traffic lights in the path of the emergency vehicle.In other words, smart ambulances can communicate with traffic lights, changing them to green as they approach. This green corridor lets emergency vehicles arrive at the destination faster and more safely.Patients with heart or breathing problems can wear internet-enabled sensors that automatically contact emergency services when a problem is sensed.
Blog
a website that produces content in forms of posts that can contain text, images, video, or other media. They usually have a more casual, conversational style than more mainstream websites.
allows users to post short messages, videos, and pictures, which can be viewed by other users. This is commonly used by celebrities, politicians, and other high-profile figures as a means of reaching out to large numbers of followers at once.
an entire social network dedicated to the professional world. Employers often use LinkedIn to search for candidates for positions in their companies. Job seekers use it to communicate their skills and expertise to potential employers.
Web Designer
create, update, improve, and maintain web pages. They're in charge of the look and feel of a website, which needs to stay up to date with the latest trends in design. Web designers have a well-developed sense of color, font, layout, and images, which all work together to make a website appealing and useful. In addition to good design sense, web designers also need to be proficient in front-end coding languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
primarily for sharing photographs and videos with friends and followers. It is commonly installed on mobile devices, which can be used to take a picture and then immediately upload it to the app.
Smart homes
refers to a home with devices that can be controlled remotely over the internet with a smartphone or computer. Many smart homes have internet-enabled security systems. Indoor and outdoor security cameras record live video footage that the resident can view from a phone or tablet. The security systems have alarms that inform the police in the event of a break-in.Thermostats can learn the residents' daily routines and adjust the temperature of the home accordingly. Even home appliances, like refrigerators and coffee makers, can be controlled over the internet by phone.
the world's most popular social networking platform. People use Facebook to share pictures, videos, and content from other websites. Additionally, Facebook is often used as a tool for both public and private conversations between users.
Cloud Storage
A cloud computing service that remotely maintains, manages, and backs up data and makes that data available to users over a network.
Microsoft OneDrive
A cloud storage service that is offered by Microsoft.
Internet Service Providers (ISP)
A company that provides individuals and businesses access to the internet and other related services.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
A computer language that web pages use to display content through web browsers.
Internet of Things (IoT)
A computing concept that describes the network of everyday physical devices (including refrigerators, thermostats, streetlights, and environmental tracking systems) that communicate with the internet.
Internet of Things (IoT)
A computing concept that describes the network of physical devices and everyday devices (including refrigerators, thermostats, streetlights, and environmental tracking systems) that communicate with the internet.
