Chapter 5: Native Americans (W choices)
Match the five regional variations in Native American fare with the meals listed below. a. Northeastern b. Southern c. Plains d. Southwestern e. Northwest Coast/Alaskan Native 56. Brunswick stew, corn pone, huckleberry honey cake 57. Salmon, elk stew with acorn dumplings, fiddlehead ferns, whipped raspberry (soup) 58. Pemmican, bison stew, Jerusalem artichokes, wojapi 59. Duck with wild rice, bannocks, Indian pudding 60. Green chile stew, blue corn bread, and piñon seeds
56. b 57. e 58. c 59. a 60. d
What was the typical traditional meal pattern of Native Americans in the Southwest and the Pacific Northwest? a. 2 meals per day b. 3 meals per day c. 3 meals plus frequent snacks d. many small meals e. 1 meal per day
a. 2 meals per day
Who is in charge of administration of the federal reservations? a. Bureau of Indian Affairs b. The Native American Society c. The Government of Indian Affairs d. Indian Health Service e. Federal Bureau of Indians
a. Bureau of Indian Affairs
Of the following, which is one of the three major centers of Native American culture observed in the 17th century? a. Five Civilized Tribes b. Hopi c. Artic d. Sioux e. Chippewa
a. Five Civilized Tribes
Traditional Native American religions vary, yet they share one characteristic: a. Religion permeates all aspects of life. b. Religion is a separate set of beliefs practiced at certain times. c. Religion is unimportant to Native Americans. d. Religion is remarkably similar to Christianity. e. Religion connects all the tribes.
a. Religion permeates all aspects of life.
Hopi Indians from what region were known for using 20 different varieties of corn? a. Southwest b. South c. Northeast d. Plains e. Northwest
a. Southwest
Apples, lentils, and peaches are among the more successful foods introduced to the Native Americans by the Europeans. a. True b. False
a. True
Pemmican is a type of jerky cake made with bison fat and berries. a. True b. False
a. True
Postnatal mortality rates are nearly 60 percent higher for American Indians and Alaska Natives compared to the total population. a. True b. False
a. True
Traditional foods make up less than 25 percent of the daily diet among the Hopi. a. True b. False
a. True
Whale muktuk can be preserved by rolling it in herbs (with no salt) and fermenting it in a pit for several months to make a treat known as kopalchen. a. True b. False
a. True
What is a horno? a. an adobe oven b. a meat stew indigenous to the plains c. cornmeal bread d. a tool for digging e. a hearty snack
a. an adobe oven
What was the staple food source of the Plains Indians? a. bison b. horses c. acorns d. corn e. salmon
a. bison
Which of the following is an Indian food thought of as "traditional" but made from ingredients introduced by the Europeans? a. fry bread b. hominy c. cactus stew d. bean bread e. pemmican
a. fry bread
Among the Native American nations of the Northeast, who was traditionally served first at a meal? a. men b. women c. children d. elders e. guests
a. men
Native Americans of the southern region used _____ to thicken soups and stews, brew tea, and prepare a seasoning called filé powder. a. sassafras b. hickory nuts c. spicebush d. sumac berries e. yerba mate
a. sassafras
What is the name for thick pudding made from bison suet and berries? a. wojapi b. pemmican c. chukuviki d. piki e. bannock
a. wojapi
By the late 19th century, forced migrations and diminishing land resources resulted in most Native Americans living on federal reservations. a. true b. false
a. true
Some Cherokee believe that illness may be caused by witchcraft. a. True b. False
b. False
The Pacific northwestern tribes were known for their agriculture. a. True b. False
b. False
The average Native American life expectancy is approximately 4.2 years greater when compared to the U.S. population. a. True b. False
b. False
There is little variation across Native American tribes throughout North America in terms of traditional meal patterns. a. True b. False
b. False
How does the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Native Americans (especially those in the Plains and Southwest) compare to that of the general population? a. 1-2 times as great b. 2-4 times as great c. 2-4 times lower d. 1-2 times lower e. about the same
b. 2-4 times as great
When does research indicate that the ancestors of Native Americans crossed over the Bering Strait from Asia? a. 2,000-5,000 years ago b. 20,000-50,000 years ago c. 2,500-5,000 years ago d. 200,000-500,000 years ago e. 100,000-200,000 years ago
b. 20,000-50,000 years ago
What percentage of the diet was dependent on wild rice for the Ojibwa of the Plains? a. 12% b. 25% c. 10% d. 50% e. 2%
b. 25%
As thanks for a plentiful summer harvest, southern Native American nations celebrated what festival? a. Peyote Festival b. Green Corn Festival c. Festival of the Sun d. Festival of the Corn e. Harvest Festival
b. Green Corn Festival
Which Native American nation had abundant food sources, even through the cold winter, because of the heavy woodlands, freshwater lakes, and coastal access where they lived? a. Cheyenne b. Iroquois c. Dakota d. Hopi e. Pueblo
b. Iroquois
Many Native American nations are matrilineal, which means what? a. Lineage is inherited from the father. b. Lineage is inherited from the mother. c. Women are the tribal chiefs. d. Women are the tribal healers. e. Tribal chiefs are elected by women.
b. Lineage is inherited from the mother.
In what Native American region would blue cornmeal bread be commonly eaten? a. Plains b. Southwest c. Pacific Northwest d. New England e. Artic
b. Southwest
What food is of significance in many healing ceremonies? a. blackberry b. corn c. cactus d. bison e. sassafras
b. corn
How many varieties of indigenous fruits and vegetables were consumed by the Native Americans of the Northwest Coast? a. more than 1500 b. more than 100 c. more than 500 d. more than 1000 e. more than 300
b. more than 100
What are the pads of the prickly pear cactus called? a. tunas b. nopales c. piñon d. pulp e. pozole
b. nopales
A lacy, flat, blue cornmeal bread that Hopi women baked was called a __ a. tortilla. b. piki. c. piñon. d. kopalchen. e. bannock.
b. piki.
What is the harmful substance contained in acorns that must be leached out before consumption? a. salicylic acid b. tannic acid c. toxic acid d. hydrochloric acid e. ascorbic acid
b. tannic acid
According to the U.S. Census figures from 2009, what percentage of the population in the United States is of Native American heritage? a. 1% b. 16% c. 2% d. 10% e. 6%
c. 2%
Legend has that it that an Indian named _____ saved the Pilgrims by teaching them to grow corn. a. Tanto b. Pocahontas c. Squanto d. Sequoyah e. Sacagawea
c. Squanto
The only staple foods common to many, though not all, Native American nations were: a. beans, corn, and rice. b. corn, squash, and apples. c. beans, corn, and squash. d. fish, beans, and corn. e. meat, potatoes, and green vegetables.
c. beans, corn, and squash.
"Digger Indians" were called such because they were known to a. dig graves for their ancestors. b. dig irrigation systems. c. dig roots for food. d. dig for minerals. e. dig for pay from white men.
c. dig roots for food.
In Native American culture, health reflects a person's relationship to nature, broadly defined as the: a. universe. b. individual's mental state. c. family, the community, and the environment. d. reservation. e. spiritual world.
c. family, the community, and the environment.
What term best describes the Native American approach to life? a. wellness b. nirvana c. harmony d. conservative e. karma
c. harmony
What is the main ingredient in the Cherokee kanuche soup? a. cream b. corn c. hickory nuts d. gooseberries e. acorns
c. hickory nuts
The beans of what tree were a staple in some desert regions? a. maple b. elm c. mesquite d. juniper ash e. cactus
c. mesquite
Chunks of meat with fat and skin attached made from whale or walrus are called a. lichen. b. akutok. c. muktuk. d. salal. e. chukuviki.
c. muktuk.
The primary social unit of Native Americans is: a. the entire tribe. b. the nuclear family. c. the extended family. d. all Native Americans. e. the reservation.
c. the extended family.
What is flat, griddle-fried cornmeal bread called? a. pozole b. chukuviki c. tortillas d. pemmican e. fry bread
c. tortillas
In the area that is today the United States, there are estimated to be about _____ different distinct Native American nations. a. 250 b. 300 c. 35 d. 400 e. 4500
d. 400
Though definitions of overweight and obesity vary in some research, the trends are consistent. Group-specific studies report that what percentage of Indians residing in Oklahoma were overweight or obese? a. 83% b. 50% c. 27% d. 61% e. 17%
d. 61%
What group of Native Americans often ate foods raw because there was a general lack of firewood over much of the area in which they lived? a. Northeastern b. Southern c. Plains d. Alaska Native e. Northwest Coast
d. Alaska Native
Of the states, which has the highest number of resident American Indians? a. New Mexico b. Oklahoma c. Arizona d. California e. Illinois
d. California
Regular seasonal migration of salmon created a constant and reliable protein source for which of the following groups? a. Pueblo b. Iroquois c. Zuni d. Kwakiutl e. Navajo
d. Kwakiutl
When counseling Native Americans, which of the following is good advice? a. Talk to clients instead of with clients. b. Religious questions are preferred. c. Use only verbal communication. d. Recognize the diversity within Native American groups and understand the local culture. e. Remain confident of biomedical superiority.
d. Recognize the diversity within Native American groups and understand the local culture.
What was the second most important crop, after corn, for Native Americans in the southwestern region? a. wheat b. potatoes c. hominy d. beans e. soy
d. beans
What plant product did the Ojibwas boil to prevent miscarriages? a. strawberries b. sumac c. cabbage d. blackberry roots e. astragalus
d. blackberry roots
Because the Navajo health system classifies illness by _______ rather than by symptom, clients may have difficulty understanding the necessity for a physical exam or medical history. a. treatment b. method of treatment c. reaction d. cause e. length of sickness
d. cause
The chicken dish known as Brunswick stew is an adaptation of a Native American recipe for what animal? a. salmon b. turtle c. turkey d. squirrel e. possum
d. squirrel
Traditional indigenous Native American foods include: a. fry bread. b. peaches. c. apples. d. wild rice. e. lentils.
d. wild rice.