Chapter 5: Operating Systems
How many extended partition can you have on a hard drive?
1
How many partitions can you have on a hard drive?
4
What are the memory capabilities of the 32 bit and 64 bit CPU architecture?
A 32-bit OS is capable of addressing only 4 GB of system memory, while a 64-bit OS can address more than 128 GB.
What bit architecture can x86 support?
A 32-bit architecture that processes multiple instructions using a 32-bit address space.
What are the characteristics of a network operating system?
A NOS has the following characteristics: Supports multiple users Runs multi-user applications Provides increased security compared to desktop operating systems
What is a cleaning installation?
A clean installation of an OS proceeds as if the disk were brand new.
What is a cluster ?
A cluster is also called a file allocation unit. It is the smallest unit of space used for storing data.
What is a cylinder?
A cylinder is a stack of tracks lined up one on top of another to form a cylinder shape.
What is contained in the registry?
A database that contains all the information about the computer.
What are the characteristics of a desktop OS?
A desktop OS has the following characteristics: Supports a single user Runs single-user applications Shares files and folders on a small network with limited security
What is a file?
A file is a block of related data that is given a single name and treated as a single unit.
What happens when you partition a hard drive?
A hard drive is divided into specific areas called partitions.
What is a logic drive?
A logical drive is a section of an extended partition.
What is multi threading?
A program can be broken into smaller parts that are loaded as needed by the operating system. Multi threading allows different parts of a program to be run at the same time.
What is a sector?
A sector contains 512 bytes.
What is a track?
A track is one complete circle that can contain data on one side of a hard drive platter. A track is broken into groups of sectors.
What is the central database that is used to manage network resources in Windows?
Active Directory
What is the default administrator account named?
Administrator
What two things does an operating system provide to the user?
All computers rely on an OS to provide the interface for the interaction between users, applications, and hardware. The OS boots the computer and manages the file system.
What is API (Application Programming Interface)?
An API allows programs to access the resources managed by the operating system in a consistent and reliable manner.
What is an application?
Applications are software programs, such as word processors, databases, spreadsheets, and games.
What is the function of PnP?
Assigning system resources and installing drivers are performed with a plug-and-play (PnP) process.
What must be done before an operating system can upgraded?
Before upgrading the operating system, check the minimum hardware requirements of the new OS to ensure that it can be installed successfully on the computer.
What is the most common installation method for an operating system?
CD's and DVDs
What must be done before beginning the OS system upgrade?
Check minimum hardware requirements Backup data
What are the two types of user interface?
Command-line interface (CLI) Graphical user interface (GUI)
What are directories and sub directories called in Windows OS?
Directories are called folders in Windows operating systems, and subdirectories are called subfolders.
What is the difference between a directory and a sub directory?
Directories can be kept inside other directories. These nested directories are referred to as subdirectories.
What three installation options does the Windows 7 install wizard give you?
File Allocation Table, 32 bit (FAT32)
In the current software market what are the three most common operating systems?
In the current software market, the most commonly used desktop operating systems fall into three groups: Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS, and Linux.
What are the three options you get when choosing install now in Windows?
Install now What to know before installing Repair your computer
If cost-effective, what computer components might be considered for upgrade?
It might be cost effective to upgrade one or more of the following components: RAM Hard disk drive CPU Video adapter card Motherboard
Who developed Linux?
Linus Torvalds designed Linux in 1991 as an open-source OS.
Which of the three common operating systems is open source?
Linux
Where might you find a HCL?
Manufacturers Website
What is the purpose of windows Upgrade Advisor?
Microsoft provides a free utility called the Upgrade Advisor, which scans the system for hardware and software incompatibility issues in hardware before upgrading to newer editions of the Windows OS.
What are the most common network operating systems?
Microsoft, Linux, Novel, Netware
What are the two file systems by windows?
New Technology File System (NTFS)
What are four examples of an API?
Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) DirectX Windows API Java APIs
What is meant by open source?
Open-source programs allow the source code to be distributed and changed by anyone as a free download or by developers at a much lower cost than other operating systems.
What is the installation and initial booting of the operating system called?
Operating System Setup
What are registry?
Registers are storage areas used by the CPU when performing calculations.
What does the OS enable user to do?
The OS enables the user to interact with the software and hardware.
What is the active partition?
The OS uses the active partition to boot the computer.
What controls almost all functions on a computer?
The Operating System
What is the benefit of 64 bit architecture?
The additional registers allow the CPU to process instructions much faster than x86. The x64 processer is backward compatible with the x86 processor.
Explain multi tasking.
The computer is capable of operating multiple applications at the same time.
What does the file system provide?
The file system provides the directory structure that organizes the user's operating system, application, configuration, and data files.
What is multi processing?
The operating system can support two or more CPUs.
How does the user account differ from the computer administrator?
The user account has fewer permission sets
What are the two distinct types of Operating Systems?
There are two distinct types of operating systems: desktop and network.
Where is the primary partition?
This primary partition containing the operating system files is usually the first partition.
Why do you format a drive?
This process prepares a file system in a partition for files to be stored.
What is a device driver?
To access and communicate with each hardware component, the OS uses a program called a device driver.
What must you do before making an operating system recommendation?
To make an OS recommendation, a technician must review budget constraints, learn how the computer will be used, and determine which types of applications will be installed.
What is the first phase of the installation process?
To partition an format the hard drive
Why should you register your copy of Windows?
To verify you are not getting an illegal copy
What is meant by multi user?
Two or more users have individual accounts that allow them to work with programs and peripheral devices at the same time.
What three Windows tools can be used to migrate data?
User State Migration Tool Windows Easy Transfer File and Settings Transfer Wizard for Windows XP
What operating systems will be discussed in this chapter?
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP operating system
Can a 32 bit OS be upgraded to a 64 bit system?
a 32-bit OS cannot be upgraded to a 64-bit OS. Another example is that Windows XP cannot be upgraded to Windows 7.
What are the roles of an operating system?
all operating systems perform the same four basic functions: Control hardware access Manage files and folders Provide a user interface Manage applications
If no Windows installations are found, which option is disabled?
the upgrade option
What are the two common architecture use in Windows OS?
x86 x64
