Chapter 5 Organizational Behavior
Advantages of designing jobs rotation include:
Answers: * increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training *Building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within *providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization
Maslow's need hierarchy theory would predict that once the need for love is satisfied, the need for _______ will emerge as the most powerful
Answer: Esteem
Which of the following is an intrinsic motivator
Answers: *A sense of satisfaction after finishing a job well and on time
Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective ___.
Answer: * Inputs
Job content factors that create motivation include:
Answer: *Advancement *Recognition *Stimulating work
The top-down job design method that creates jobs that are very simplified and repetitive is scientific ______________
Answer: *Management
Outputs recognized as positive outcomes in equity theory include:
Answer: *bonuses *promotions *Challenging assignments
The psychological mechanisms that guide the intensity of one's behaviors are known as: Options: *Activation *Personally *Motivation *Behaviorism
Answer: Motivation
The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as ___________.________________
Answer: * Job Design
McGregor's theory _____ propose a set of assumptions about people at work: that they are responsible, creative, and committed.
Answer: * Y
The acquired needs in McClelland's acquired needs theory include the:
Answer: *need for achievement *need for power
According to equity theory, people compare: Options: *Their own inputs and outputs to those of relevant others *Hygiene factors to motivators they desire *Their own inputs to the outputs received by others *motivators to upper level needs they desire
Answers : * Their own inputs and outputs to those of relevant others *Their own inputs to the outputs received by others
Hygiene factors that create job context include
Answer: * a lack of safe working conditions *poor pay *inefficient company administration
Who formulated the theory that motivation is a function of five basic needs: Physiological, safety , love, esteem , and self-actualization? Options: *Abraham Maslow *David McClelland *Douglas McGregor *Frederick Herzberg
Answer: *Abraham Maslow
According to the national Labor relations Act, companies are not allowed to prevent which category of employees from discussing their compensation?
Answer: rank and file workers
Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adam's Elements of ____ theory
Answer: Equity
Job enlargement is also know as _______ loading the job
Answers: Horizontal
Among the content theories of motivation are:
Answer: *Acquired needs theory *Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory *Self-determination theory
1. Changing the task boundaries 2.Changing the relational of one's job 3. Cognitive crafting
1. After the scope,nature or number of task one takes on 2.After the quantity or quality of the interactions one has at work 3.Changing one's perception of the existing task and relationships in a job
1. changing the task boundaries 2.Changing the relational nature of one's job 3. Cognitive crafting
1. Alter the scope,nature, pr number of tasks one takes on 2.Alter quantity or quality of the interactions one has at work 3. Changing one's perception of the existing tasks and relationships in a job
McGrgor's Theory Y is a more positive set of assumptions managers have about employees including that they: Options: *are self-engaged and committed to work *Can only be motivated with rewards *must be monitored frequently *are creative
Answer: *are self-engaged and committed to work *are creative
Locke and Latham's findings about goal setting theory includes that. Options: *people need that ability and resource to achieve the goal *Performance feedback and participation do not enhance performance *Successful goal achievement reinforces employee satisfaction and leads to setting higher goals *goals that are specifics and difficult lead to higher performance
Answer: *people need that ability and resource to achieve the goal *Successful goal achievement reinforces employee satisfaction and leads to setting higher goals *goals that are specifics and difficult lead to higher performance
Any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific job activities to improve the quality of employee job experience and motivation is: Option: *job design *equity theory *expectancy theory *goal setting
Answer: Job Design
Vroom's expectancy theory requires that all three of the elements must be high for ______ to be high.
Answer: Motivation
Maslow proposed a model based on the premise that the current most-pressing need:
Answer: Must be met before the next emerges as motivator
Hunger or thirst are examples of physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior known as _______
Answer: Needs
David McClelland's theory states that employee behavior is driven by:
Answer: Needs we acquire as we live our lives
Herzberg's motivating factors move employees from a state of : Options: *satisfaction to no satisfaction *no satisfaction to satisfaction *no dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction *no dissatisfaction to motivation
Answer: No satisfaction to satisfaction
Job crafting is the:
Answers: * Approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work
The goals of idiosyncratic deals in jobs design include:
Answers: * Increasing employees' productivity *increasing employees' intrinsic motivation
Self-determination theory is based on research that shows intrinsic motivation:
Answers: * is longer lasting than extrinsic motivation *Has more positive impact on task performance
Managers can improve feelings of inequity over pay by:
Answers: *Communicating reasonable expectations *making sure objective measures for rewards are understood
According to Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, managers should focus on motivating employees with:
Answers: *Emerging needs
Which of the following are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory? Options: *Esteem Needs *Acquired Needs *Hygiene Factors *Physiological Needs
Answers: *Esteem Needs *Physiological Needs
Pay raises, promotions, and recognition are examples of :
Answers: *Extrinsic Motivators
Locke and Latham's research on goal setting identified four motivational mechanisms among which are that goals:
Answers: *Foster the development of plans *Increase persistence *Direct attention
Locke and Latham's theory is that :
Answers: *Goal achievement leads to job satisfaction *job satisfaction motivates employees to commit to higher levels of performance
Equity theory is based on cognitive dissonance theory because people are motivated to
Answers: *Maintain consistency between their beliefs and behavior
Vroom's expectancy theory requires that all three of elements must be high for ______ to be high
Answers: *Motivation
According to McClelland's acquire needs theory, the need to maintain social relationships and join groups is the:
Answers: *Need for affiliation
Frederick Taylor's scientific management designed jobs based on:
Answers: *Systematic observation *Standards established by observation *experiments and reasoning
David McClelland's acquired needs theory states that:
Answers: *one need often predominates over the others *each of the needs can be used to motivate employees
1. Top-down approaches 2.Bottoms-up approach 3.Idiosyncratic ideals
Answers: 1. Management charged the activities in jobs to increase motivation 2.Employees redesign their own jobs,increasing engagement 3. Individual employees and managers jointly negotiate the tasks to be completed
Douglas McGregor called managers' pessimistic assumptions toward employees: Options: *Theory X *Theory N *Theory Y *Theory Z
Answers: Theory X
Fredrick Taylor's scientific management designed jobs based on :
Answers: * experiments and reasoning *Systematic observation *standards established by observation
Jamie just finished learning to use the company's scheduling program for employees in her department.Her satisfaction with her herself and good feelings are examples of:
Answers: Intrinsic motivation
An unfair social exchange, such as not being paid for overtime worked, is likely to
answer: *Lead to changes in attitude or behavior *cause cognitive dissonance that prompts action *create the need for the employee to correct the situation
Job enrichment is the job design method that uses _____ loading to improve motivation
answer: *Vertical
The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job ______
answers: * rotation
The quantifiable of a goal is known as goal ______
Answer: * Specificity
Research has shown that setting _____ helps motivate individuals, teams, and organizations to achieve success.
Goals
An important lesson from Maslow is that once a need is fulfilled, it no longer _________ an individual
Motivates
According to goal-setting theory, which of the following are needed in order for goals to motivate employees? *Goal specificity *Theory X managers *Ability to achieve the goal *Commitment to the goal
Answer: *Goal specificity *Ability to achieve the goal *Commitment to the goal
Maslow's need hierarchy is an example of a(n) ________ theory of motivation
Answer: Content
According to David McClelland's acquired needs theory,
Answers: *One need often predominates over the others
The job design method that offers an employee the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, and stimulating work through vertical loading is job _______
Answer: *Enrichment
The job characteristics model builds intrinsic motivation by
Answer: *Designing jobs with the five core characteristics
In equity theory, inputs can include: Options: * education *skill and knowledge *pay benefits *personality traits
Answer: *Education *Skills and knowledge *Personality traits
McGregor's Theory ___ is a pessimistic view of employees that includes that need to motivate them with carrots and sticks.
Answers: X
1. Competence needs 2. Autonomy needs 3.Relatedness needs
1. I need to feel knowledgeable and capable of completing a goal. 2.I need to feel independent and able to influence my environment 3. I want to be connected with others and belong to a group.
1. Skill Variety 2. task identity 3.Autonomy. 4. Task significance 5.Feedback
1. Requires the ability to use several different skills to perform a job. 2.Requires the completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work 3. An individual experiences freedom, discretion and independence in doing the job 4.The extent of which a job affects the lives of others inside or outside of the organization 5.An employee receives direct and clear information about the effectiveness of their job performance.
The use of feedback and participation about progress toward a goal is part of which theory?
Answer: *Goal setting theory
In Adam's equity theory,knowledge, experience ,education, and effort expended all are perceived as: Options: * Expectancies *outputs *Comparison ratios *Inputs
Answer: *Inputs
One way managers can improve employee perceptions of procedural justice is to:
Answer: Allow them to participate in important work decisions
Maslow's need hierarchy is an example of a(n) ______ theory of motivation
Answer: Content
Altering specific jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is job __________.
Answer: Design
The questions "what intrinsic and extrinsic rewards will I receive if I achieve my desired level of performance?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory? Options: *Performance goal *Valence *Instrumentality *Expectancy
Answer: *Instrumentality
Job design terms that individuals _____ for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as idiosyncratic deals.
Answer: *Negotiate
Which of the following are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory?
Answer: *Physiological Needs *Esteem Needs
The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as: Options: *Engagement theories *Content theories *Process theories *Job design theories
Answer: Content theories
True or false: The national labor relations act protects the rights of all workers to discuss pay and benefits, regardless of company policies
Answer: False
Which of the following paraphrases comparison as used i equity theory?
Answer: How does my ratio of outputs to inputs compare with relevant others?
The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is: Options *Comparative justice *Interaction justice *Procedural justice *distributive justice
Answer: Interaction Justice
The theory that assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by three innate needs, competence, autonomy, and relatedness is: Options: *Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory *McClelland's theory *Self-determination Theory *Acquired needs theory
Answer: Self-determination
The more modern and positive set of assumptions Douglas McGregor formulated about people at work is:
Answer: Theory Y
In herzber's theory, the absence of grievances about hygiene factors: Options: *does not create motivation *is on the same continuum as the motivators *creates more grievances *creates motivation
Answer: does not create motivation
Managers can use the three innate needs in self-determination theory to foster intrinsic motivation in their employees. Match the innate need in the left column to a management method that will foster it from the column on the right. *Competence *Autonomy *Relatedness
Competence: *Provide resources such as time, coaching, and training to build knowledge *Provide tangible resources, rewards, and recognition for learning new skills Autonomy: * Delegate meaningful assignments and back employee decisions *Develop trust in employees using new technology to work off site Relatedness: *Create commitment to a common purpose with a corporate vision *Create family-type work environment
The three acquired needs stated in McClelland's theory are the needs for achievement, affiliation, and __________
answers: Power
