Chapter 5: Proteins Mindtap

Protein entering the stomach leads to digestive secretions triggered by the release of: a. gastrin. b. cholecystokinin. c. secretin. d. gastric inhibitory hormone.

gastrin.

Which of the following are nonliving proteins that are responsible for mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? a. prions b. parasites c. noroviruses d. protozoa

prions

The term for combining protein sources to supply all the essential amino acids is: a. incomplete protein. b. protein complementation. c. limiting amino acid. d. complete protein sources.

protein completmentation

The secondary structure of an amino acid is: a. folding between R-groups. b. several polypeptides forming a protein. c. a three-dimensional structure. d. a sequence of amino acids.

a three-dimensional structure.

Proteins are composed of: a. glycerol. b. monosaccharides. c. amino acids. d. fatty acids.

amino acids

Amino acids that are only essential due to medical conditions or lifespan period are termed: a. nonessential. b. conditionally essential. c. essential. d. indispensable.

conditionally essential

The amino acids that must be supplied by the diet are termed: a. essential. b. conditionally essential. c. nonessential. d. dispensable.

essential

The human body is able to synthesize them a. lipids, carbs, and proteins b. only proteins

lipids, carbs, and proteins

Of the 20 amino acids utilized in the body, 11 are considered 1)___________ , which means that the body is able to produce enough to meet physiological needs and they therefore, do not need to be obtained from the diet. A conditionally essential amino acid is an amino acid that becomes 2)__________ as a result of certain disorders or illnesses, but is usually 3)_________ under normal healthy circumstances. a. essential b. nonessential

1) non-essential 2) non-essential 3) non-essential

The foods recommended by the MyPlate food guidance system to meet protein needs include all of the following except: a. fat-free or low-fat milk. b. lean meats. c. grains. d. legumes.

grains.

Disruption of the shape and structure of a protein occurs by all of the following means except: a. mutations. b. development of prions. c. denaturing agents. d. hydrogen bonding.

hydrogen bonding.

A vegetarian who restricts all animal foods except dairy is referred to by the term: a. lactovegetarian. b. ovovegetarian. c. lacto-ovo-vegetarian. d. vegan.

lactovegetarian.

An allergic response is triggered when which of the following is absorbed? a. tripepetides b. large polypeptides c. amino acids d. oligopeptide

large polypeptides

Characteristics of high-quality protein sources include all of the following except: a. easily digested. b. complete protein source. c. high bioavailability. d. limiting amino acid.

limiting amino acid

The amino acids present in the diet in amounts that do not meet human needs are known as: a. essential amino acids. b. incomplete proteins. c. limiting amino acids. d. complete proteins.

limiting amino acids

Proteins are one of the three ________ found in the diet and important structural molecules in living organisms. a. macronutrients b. micronutrients c. essential nutrients d. nonessential nutrients

macronutrients

The mineral deficiencies a vegan is most at risk for include all of the following except: a. zinc. b. magnesium. c. iron. d. calcium.

magnesium.

The RDA for protein is 0.8 g/kg (0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight). Research suggests that strength athletes may need 1.8 to 2.0 times more than this and that endurance athletes may need 1.50 to 1.75 times more protein than the current RDA. Most Americans, inactive and active, currently consume more than twice the current RDA for protein. Based upon these numbers, would you suggest that the average person looking to build more muscle needs additional protein in their diet? a. yes b. no

no

Made according to instructions provided by genetic material a. lipids, carbs, and proteins b. only proteins

only proteins

The chemical makeup requires 4 elements a. lipids, carbs, and proteins b. only proteins

only proteins

The main proteolytic enzymes functioning in the small intestine are released from the: a. small intestine. b. stomach. c. liver. d. pancreas.

pancreas.

In the forming of protein, amino acids are linked by what specific type of bond? a. chemical b. hydrogen c. peptide d. glycosidic

peptide

Muscle mass is built when the net protein is: a. positive b. negative c. equivalent

positive

When nitrogen conusmption is less than nitrogen excretion, a person is in ________ nitrogen balance a. negative b. equal c. positive

positive

A major role of protein in the body is to _______________ . A slight overload on the muscle triggers cellular breakdown and then protein synthesis of each muscle cell in order to adapt. a. provide energy during exercise b. remodel and build cells c. maximize muscle glycogen stores

remodel and build cells

The basic steps involved in protein synthesis include all of the following except: a. replication. b. transcription. c. cell signaling. d. translation.

replication

The quaternary structure of an amino acid is: a. folding between R-groups. b. a three-dimensional structure. c. a sequence of amino acids. d. several polypeptides forming a protein.

several polypeptides forming a protein.

The proteins in the body are made of combinations of individual amino acids, known as the building blocks of protein. Amino acids are composed of a central carbon connected to a hydrogen atom, an acid group, an amine group, and a side chain. The ___________ is the group that varies for each amino acid. a. side chain b. amine group c. acid group

side chain

Deamination of amino acids produces the toxic substance, ammonia, which is converted to: a. urea. b. nitrogen compounds for body. c. energy. d. amino acids.

urea.

A vegetarian who omits all animal foods from their diet is referred to by the term: a. lactovegetarian. b. vegan. c. ovovegetarian. d. lacto-ovo-vegetarian.

vegan.