Chapter 5 Quiz: Learning

Which of the following is an example of the use of extinction with operant conditioning?

A mother ignores her child's temper tantrum so that the behavior ultimately goes away.

What does AMID stand for?

Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire

What is the relationship between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Negative reinforcement strengthens a response, while punishment weakens a response.

Ian finds that if he washes his car prior to going out on the town, more of his friends want to ride along with him. What theory would best explain his willingness to always wash and clean his car before going out?

Thorndike's law of effect

Grace had tartar sauce with her fish one night. The next morning she was nauseated and sick for much of the day. The next time she was offered the chance to go out for fish, she felt queasy and declined. Her queasiness at the thought of fish with tartar sauce was probably due to __________.

a conditioned taste aversion

During the cold winter, you have stopped taking your dog for walks. What's more, your dog has gotten used to the fact that when you accidentally rattle his leash, he isn't going for a walk, and subsequently he doesn't come running to the front door. What has occurred?

extinction

Luis gets paid every 2 weeks. In one 2-week period, he works a total of 20 hours. During another 2-week period, he works a total of 50 hours. Regardless of the total number of hours he works each week, he is paid every 2 weeks. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

fixed interval

Maria has a terrible headache. If she takes some aspirin to make her headache go away, this would be an example of __________.

negative reinforcement

A child has been classically conditioned to fear a white rat. If the child does not show fear when shown a black rat, this is called __________.

stimulus discrimination

From where do secondary reinforcers get their power?

classical conditioning

Madison has noticed how some of her friends have lost weight and gotten trim by exercising 1 to 2 hours each day. However, she has no plans to imitate their behavior. What component of Bandura's model of observational learning will explain why Madison has not started a similar weight-loss program?

Madison is not motivated, nor does she have the desire to begin the program.

Studies by Keller and Marian Breland found that many animals exhibit instinctive drift. What does this mean?

The animals studied would learn skills through reinforcement but eventually revert to their genetically controlled patterns of behavior.

Taylor works in the psychology department's rat lab. In her studies, she found that many of her lab rats would develop a conditioned taste aversion to certain foods after as little as one trial. Taylor's psychology professor refers to this as a classic example of __________.

biological preparedness

Positive reinforcement results in a(n) __________ in the target behavior and negative reinforcement results in a(n) __________ in the target behavior.

increase, increase

Gavin was lying in bed when he suddenly realized how he might deal with a fast-approaching deadline at work. When his coworkers asked how he came up with his idea, he said, "It just came to me out of nowhere." Psychologists would refer to this as __________.

insight learning

In classical conditioning, behavior typically is __________, whereas with operant conditioning, behavior is __________.

involuntary, voluntary

Jenna failed repeatedly in college algebra. Finally, she gave up and was seriously considering dropping out of college. One day, her best friend offered to personally help her if she signed up for college algebra again, but she refused. What concept might explain her reluctance?

learned helplessness

Jade almost got hit by a car at a street corner because she was too busy texting on her phone. From that day on, Jade looks before she reaches the street corner. Her change in behavior is a result of __________.

learning

Zoe is grounded for coming home after curfew. Additionally, her parents have taken away her cell phone for a month. Losing her cell phone privileges is an example of __________.

punishment by removal

At home, you rattle the chain on your dog's leash every time you prepare to take him for a walk. After several episodes like this, you find that your dog comes running to the front door even when you pick up the leash to put it back in the closet. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?

the sound of the leash