Chapter 5

Along with sweating, which other responses by skin assists with thermoregulation?

blood vessels near the skin can dilate, increasing blood flow and heat loss

Actual growth of the nail occurs in the __________ .

nail matrix

Which layer consists on average of 25 to 30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes.

stratum corneum

Which epidermal layer marks the transition between metabolically active cells of lower layers and the dead layers of keratinocytes of the upper layers.

stratum granulosum

Langerhans cells are part of the skin's immune defenses and activate other immune cells when the skin is invaded by microbes. Which layer of the epidermis contains Langerhans cells?

stratum spinosum

The amount and kind of melanin present in the cortex and medulla of a hair shaft determines hair color. When melanin is replaced by air bubbles in the shaft, which is the resulting hair color?

white

The corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle) would be found in which region of the skin shown in the figure?

D

Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation?

D

Which of the below structures are sweat glands that do not become active until puberty and whose secretions can create body odor when it is metabolized by bacteria on the skin?

D- Sweat gland

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, where is the nail matrix?

E

Which layer of the skin is composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Epidermis

Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

Epithelium is migrating across wound.

In the diagram, which is a melanocyte?

F

Which structure in the figure is a receptor sensitive to pressure?

F

Characteristics of thick skin include:

Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips. Does not contain hair follicles. Contains more sweat glands than thin skin. Contain epidermal ridges.

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the hyponychium (nail bed)?

G

Which structure is an eccrine sweat gland?

G

Which of the following is NOT a homeostatic contribution of skin?

Help activate vitamin B

In the diagram, which layer is the stratum corneum?

I

In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is only seen in thick skin?

B

Which cell makes a pigment that absorbs UV light?

B- squiggly

Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point A in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

Blood clot is forming.

This is fine non-pigmented hair that covers the body of the fetus.

Lanugo

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

Melanin

Which of the following is not a correct statement about melanin?

melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin

In the diagram of skin shown below, which labeled structure generates fingerprints?

A- Upper Left corner

In the diagram of a hair root shown, where is the cortex?

B

In the diagram of a hair root shown, where is the cuticle of the hair?

C

In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the sebaceous gland?

C

Vitamin D, following activation in the skin, is converted to the hormone calcitriol by enzymes in the liver and kidneys. People in northern climates who may not get adequate sun exposure can become deficient in vitamin D. What mineral would be especially affected by this?

Calcium

In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the arrector pili muscle?

RED arrow

Which of the following is a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts?

Sebum

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes?

Stratum basale

The process of keratinization involves

cells accumulating a tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin.

When an epidermal wound begins the healing process, basal cells migrate away from the basement membrane, enlarge, and migrate to fill in the wounded area. As these cells migrate from different sides of the wound, and reach each other, they stop migrating. This process is called__________.

contact inhibition

The alternate name for the stratum basale, the stratum __________, suggests its role in forming new cells.

germinativum

Which of the following terms refers to reddened, elevated, and itchy patches of skin commonly caused by emotional stress, physical trauma, or certain food allergies?

hives

The stratum lucidum

is present only in thick skin.