chapter 5 reading quiz
Which state listed below is most likely to have a magnitude 9 or larger earthquake in the next several hundred years? Florida Washington Texas Wisconsin South Carolina
Washington
The Great Basin region between the eastern Sierra Nevada in California and the Wasatch Mountains in Utah ______________________ in response to plate-tectonic forces. has been compressed in an east-west direction has expanded in an east-west direction has been compressed in a north-south direction has expanded in a north-south direction is now a subduction zone
has expanded in an east-west direction
The Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886 occurred along a seismic belt that may be related to _________________. tectonic stresses transmitted across the North American continent from California an ancient subduction zone beneath the Appalachian Mountains an adjacent oceanic fracture zone on the Atlantic seafloor canal building prior to the Civil War remnants of the African Plate attached to North America
an adjacent oceanic fracture zone on the Atlantic seafloor
When compared to California, seismic energy in the eastern U.S. is transmitted __________. more effectively in the older, more solid rocks less effectively in the older, more solid rocks more effectively in the younger, more solid rocks less effectively in the younger, more solid rocks less effectively because the earthquakes are smaller
more effectively in the older, more solid rocks
The dominant type of faulting in the Great Basin region is ______________. normal faulting reverse faulting strike-slip faulting thrust faulting transform faulting
normal faulting
The New Madrid earthquakes are apparently related to an old buried ____________. transform fault rift zone subduction zone hazardous waste dump oil pipeline
rift zone
The crustal thickness in the Great Basin is __________ than mid-continental North American crust. thicker thinner thinner than oceanic crust and thinner thicker than oceanic crust and thinner thicker than oceanic crust and thicker
thicker than oceanic crust and thinner
The large left step in the San Andreas Fault in the Los Angeles area causes compressive ruptures along east-west-oriented ________ faults as in the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge events. normal thrust strike-slip transform
thrust
Using Fig. 5.19, determine which U.S. states have a very high or very low risk of a major earthquake in the next 50 years. South Carolina California Michigan Minnesota Washington Alaska Missouri North Dakota Florida Texas 1. very high risk 2. very low risk
1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2
Match the region of North America with the type of boundary that is likeliest to cause an earthquake there. Western North America Southwestern US Central US Eastern North America US Rocky Mountains 1. Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes 2. Intermountain Seismic Belt 3. Rio Grande Rift 4. Intraplate "Stable" Earthquakes 5. Intraplate Earthquakes
1 3 4 5 2
Forecasting earthquake occurrence is not easy, but science has made some strides toward improving warnings. Sort the following into science-based or non-science, non-fact-based predictions. ___ psychic predictions ___ paleoseismologic analysis ___ nostradamus ___ earthquake weather 1. science/fact-based 2. non-science/non-fact based
2 1 2 2
Place the following statements in order of how an earthquake would be propagated along fault lines. 1. How much stored energy released depends upon how long the movement occurs 2. fault movement begins at the hypocenter and propagates outward 3. earth stresses cause deformation on both sides of the fault and energy is stored 4. enough energy is stored to overcome friction
4 3 2 1
Paleoseismologic analysis of trenches cut across faults and folds in the New Madrid, Missouri, area has led the U.S. Geological Survey to forecast a 25% chance of a magnitude __________ earthquake here within the next 50 years. 7.5 to 8.5 6 to 7 8.5 to 9 9+
6 to 7
Which of the following states has the lowest earthquake risk? Arkansas Massachusetts South Carolina Nevada Florida
Florida
Several recent earthquakes in Washington's Puget Sound region were caused by movement of the subducting ______________ Plate. Pacific North American Cocos Juan de Fuca Nazca
Juan de Fuca
The 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake in Los Angeles was generated on a _______ thrust fault. slow elliptical upside-down trap-door blind
blind
Organic material in sediment layers is dated by measuring the amount of radioactive ________ present. oxygen hydrogen uranium carbon sodium
carbon