Chapter 5 Rights/Liberties and Bill of Rights

Takings Clause

A clause in the Fifth Amendment that prohibits the government from taking private property for public use "without just compensation".

Warrent

A document issued by a judge that authorizes law enforcement officers to carry out a search, seizure of evidence, or arrest.

Incorporation

The process by which the Supreme Court applies the Bill of Rights to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Double Jeopardy

The prosecution of a person a second time for a crime for which the defendant has already been tried once and found not guilty; is prohibited under the Fifth Amendment.

6th Amendment

The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person

7th Amendment

The right to a trial by Jury in civil cases over $20.00

Secular

Not religious or spiritual in nature.

Slander

Orally spreading false information about someone with intent to cause harm.

3rd Amendment

The government cannot force people to keep troops in their private homes

Capital Punishment

The imposition of the death penalty on a person by the state.

Bail

Money given over to a court in exchange for a criminal suspect's release from jail until his or her trial begins.

Prior Restraint

An attempt by government to prevent the publication or broadcast of material considered harmful.

Civil Liberties

Basic freedoms guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution, such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion.

Symbolic Speech

Conduct that conveys a message without spoken words.

Civil Rights

Guarantees of equal rights and equal treatment under the law, such as trial by jury and voting rights.

10th Amendment

Powers not given to federal government go to people and States

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive fines and excessive bail/and cruel unusual punishment

1st Amendment

Protect Freedom of Religion, Speech, Petition, Press, and Assembly,

4th Amendment

Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure

Libel

Publishing false information about someone with intent to cause harm.

Probable Cause

Reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior.

9th Amendment

Rights not included in Constitution go to the people

Unenumerated Rights

Rights not specifically listed in the Bill of Rights but given general protection under the Ninth Amendment.

Obscenity

Speech or other forms of expression considered offensive to conventional standards of decency.

Self-Incrimination

Statements, usually made under oath, suggesting that the person speaking is guilty of a crime.

5th Amendment

The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process

2nd Amendment

You have the right to own guns