Chapter 5 The Skeletal System

Which of these cranial bones separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity and provides the olfactory nerves with access to the brain?(A) temporalB) foramen magnumC) sphenoidD) ethmoid)

ethmoid

The main weight-bearing bone in the lower extremities is known as the ________.(A) fibulaB) tibiaC) pelvisD) femur)

femur

Membranous areas in the infant skull that join bones and function to allow for rapid growth of the brain are known as ________.(A) fibrous membraneB) osteocytesC) fontanelsD) lacunae)

fontanels

Straps of connective tissue that hold bones together, support joints, and direct movement are known as ________.(A) tendonsB) ligamentsC) bursaeD) cartilages)

ligaments

Which hormone causes calcium to be released from bone into the bloodstream?[Boniva, estrogen, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH)]

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A series of interconnected bones that form the backbone of all mammals, fishes, reptiles, and birds is the ________.(A) mandibleB) scapulaC) femurD) vertebral column)

vertebral column

Which of these bones form the cheekbones in the skulls of mammals?A) nasal bonesB) fontanelsC) palatine bonesD) zygomatic bones

zygomatic bones

How many bones are in the human body? (203,206, 300, 308)

206

Human growth hormone (HGH) can be used to treat patients with pituitary dwarfism. Today, parents are getting HGH injections for their children to provide an advantage in sports or to enhance their appearance by making them taller. Based on what you know about the process of bone lengthening, what is the most appropriate age group to begin such injections?(3- to 6-year-olds, 7- to 10-year-olds, 18- to 21-year-olds, 21- to 30-year-olds)

7- to 10-year-olds

Which of the following occurs after a calcium-rich meal? (arathyroid hormone stimulates the activities of osteoblasts and removes calcium from the blood. Calcitonin removes calcium from the blood and stimulates the activities of osteoclasts. Parathyroid hormone is released by the thyroid gland to inhibit the activities of osteoclasts. Calcitonin stimulates the activities of osteoblasts and removes calcium from the blood.)

Calcitonin stimulates the activities of osteoblasts and removes calcium from the blood.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by an inflammation of tendons passing through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. What causes this inflammation and pain? (A) The tendons become stretched out and ultimately tear away from the bone.B) Certain continuous hand motions cause the tendons to repeatedly rub against bone.C) The associated muscles are too weak and begin to spasm, leading to inflammation.D) The muscles eventually fatigue and become swollen, thus swelling the tendon.)

Certain continuous hand motions cause the tendons to repeatedly rub against bone.

Which bone(s) form(s) a connection between the scapula and the sternum to support the pectoral girdle?(A) claviclesB) vertebraeC) humerusD) ribs)

Clavicles

Which of the following is incorrect about the human skeleton?(It can release phosphorous. It can store fat. It can produce blood cells. It is composed only of a solid nonliving matrix.)

It is composed only of a solid nonliving matrix

Too much calcium in the bloodstream, a condition called hypercalcemia, can be very dangerous. The thyroid gland releases a hormone, calcitonin, when calcium is too high. How does calcitonin lower calcium levels in the blood?( It reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity. It increases osteoclast activity and reduces osteoblast activity. It reduces both osteoclast and osteoblast activity. It increases both osteoclast and osteoblast activity.)

It reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity.

Which of the following are the bones that form the bridge of the nose?(A) occipitalB) sphenoidC) nasalD) temporal)

Nasal

Which of these joints allow movement in only one plane, such as in the knee or elbow?(A) hingeB) fibrousC) ball-and-socketD) cartilaginous)

hinge

The bones that make up the digits of the hands or feet are known as the ________.(A) metatarsalsB) carpalsC) phalangesD) tarsals)

phalanges

A cartilage disk that joins the two pelvic bones in the anterior region of the pelvic girdle is known as the ________.(A) pubic symphysisB) sacrumC) patellaD) pelvis)

pubic symphysis

In the spongy bone, which of the following produces blood cells? (yellow marrow, osteons, osteocytes, red marrow)

red marrow

Bands of connective tissue that help muscles attach to bones are termed ________.(A) ligamentsB) cartilageC) tendonsD) fibrocartilage)

tendons

Forensic scientists may have to identify an adult victim who was lost in the wilderness years ago from the remains found by a hiker. What type of evidence from the bones would they look for to determine the age of the person?( the size of the bones and the condition of the growth plate, the number of bones, any broken bones because the bones of the elderly break easily, The bones do not yield much information that can help to determine age.)

the size of the bones and the condition of the growth plate

You sprain your ankle at a roller derby practice. How would you treat your injury?(A) First use ice to reduce swelling, and then use heat much later to aid healing.B) First use heat to aid healing, and use ice later to reduce swelling.C) Use ice only because it will reduce swelling and increase blood flow to aid healing.D) Just leave it alone. Ice and heat both make the injury worse.)

First use ice to reduce swelling, and then use heat much later to aid healing.

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? (protects internal organs, releases stored calcium and phosphorus when the body needs to use them, produces blood cells, produces muscle cells)

Produces muscle cells

Calcium intake is important for women during pregnancy. If a woman for whatever reason does not get enough calcium in her diet during pregnancy, what is likely to happen to her bone tissue?(She will experience severe bone loss due to the loss of estrogen production during pregnancy. She may experience some bone loss due to the lack of calcium in her diet, but nothing significant. She may experience significant bone loss due to both the lack of dietary calcium and the fact that the fetus requires extra calcium, which will be removed from her own bone tissue.The fetus will be born without a skeleton)

She may experience significant bone loss due to both the lack of dietary calcium and the fact that the fetus requires extra calcium, which will be removed from her own bone tissue.

The number of bones in a newborn exceeds the number of bones in an adult. Why would the number of bones decrease over time?(Some bones are lost when they are replaced by adult versions, like the loss of baby teeth.As some bones grow larger, others do not and are no longer needed. The bones of a baby are more fragile than an adult, so more are needed to support the weight of the body. Some of the bones of babies will eventually fuse together to become one larger bone.)

Some of the bones of babies will eventually fuse together to become one larger bone.

Astronauts returning to Earth from an extended stay in space have to be extremely careful not to break a bone. It takes several weeks to restore normal bone strength. Which would be the best regimen to rebuild the lost bone tissue?(Stay inactive, avoiding exercise until the lost bone tissue is rebuilt. Hit the gym and get going with a few weeks of heavy weight lifting. Several weeks of swimming will rebuild all lost bone mass. Start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight lifting in the gym.)

Start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight lifting in the gym.

Why do women experience the symptoms of osteoporosis more acutely than men? (Women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in life; these factors accelerate calcium loss.Women have less muscle mass and don't exercise as much. Men don't produce estrogen, so they don't rely on it as much as women do. Men take in more calcium in their diet, so they can't get osteoporosis.)

Women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in life; these factors accelerate calcium loss.

You have fractured your bone and your physician is explaining the healing process to you. She tells you that after the blood clot forms, the next step is the development of the callus. Which of the following describes the structure of the callus? (spongy, bone, compact bone,cartilage, osteoclasts)

cartilage

Slipped disks are very common in the United States. Which of the following can cause a slipped disk?(A) slipping on the ice in winter and breaking a vertebra of the coccyxB) improper lifting, leading to a bulge in a disk between two lumbar vertebraeC) two vertebrae of the sacrum slipping past each other in opposite directionsD) scoliosis)

improper lifting, leading to a bulge in a disk between two lumbar vertebrae

Where would we find yellow bone marrow?( in the flat bones of the skull,surrounding the outside of the long bones, surrounding the outside of the flat bones,in the shaft of the long bones)

in the shaft of the long bones

The ________ bones are two small bones found at the corner of the eyes that have a duct system that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal chambers.(A) lacrimalB) frontalC) occipitalD) temporal)

lacrimal

Which of the following cells form new bone in bone tissue?osteons, osteoblasts, osteocytes,fibroblasts)

osteoblasts

Which of the following covers compact bone and functions in bone repair and growth?(endosteum, periosteum, diaphysis,epiphysis)

periosteum