chapter 5- the working cell
energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____.
hypotonic
2. An animal cell placed in a(n) _______ solution will gain water, swell, and possibly burst.
hypertonic
3. There is a net diffusion of water out of an animal cell when it is placed in a(n) _______ solution.
hypotonic
4. The ideal osmotic environment for a plant cell is a(n) _______ environment.
hypertonic
5. A plant cell placed in a(n) ______ solution will lose water and plasmolyze.
isotonic
6. A plant cell surrounded by a(n) ______ solution will be flaccid (limp).
facilitated diffusion
A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of
phagocytosis
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____.
potential
Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.
into; membranous vesicles
Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.
total energy input = total energy output
Energy is conserved. This means that in any system, _____.
molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.
In active transport ____
high-energy electrons "fall" to lower energy levels
In cellular respiration, most energy is released and transferred to ATP when _____.
a receptor protein that binds with a signaling molecule and relays the message into the cell by activating other molecules inside the cell
In this diagram of the plasma membranes of two adjoining cells, identify the protein indicated by the white arrow, including its function.
cellular respiration
In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?
proteins
Most enzymes are _____.
isotonic
The ideal osmotic environment for an animal cell is a(n) _______ environment.
endocytosis
The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of
active transport
The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of
through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.
Water crosses the plasma membrane
osmosis
What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane?
hydrolysis
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?
one molecule of glucose
Which of the following is highest in chemical energy? one molecule of H2 one molecule of glucose one molecule of CO2 one molecule of ATP
heat and water
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?
a space station orbiting earth
Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy? a space station orbiting Earth the high-energy phosphate bonds of a molecule of ATP a person sitting on a couch while watching TV an archer with a flexed bow a rock on a mountain ledge
A
Which of these is hydrophobic like the interior of the plasma membrane?
sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients
Which of these statements is TRUE with regard to this animation? Sodium ions are transported down their concentration gradient. The cell does not expend ATP. The cell is not expending energy. Potassium ions are transported down their concentration gradient. Sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients.
The diverse proteins found in and attached to membranes perform many important functions. The framework of a membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids with their hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment inside and outside of the cell and their hydrophobic tails clustered in the center. Because membranes are fluid, membrane proteins and phospholipids can drift about in the membrane.
Which statements about the fluid mosaic structure of a membrane are correct? (answer is the correct statements)
the similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules that are transported into the target cells
You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. For this drug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. Which of the following would be a factor that determines whether the molecule selectively enters the target cells?
the cell is engulfing EC fluid
You can recognize the process of pinocytosis when _____.
is an organic catalyst
an enzyme _____
