Chapter 5: Theories of Growth and Development

According to Freud, experiences that are reality based and logical and in one's immediate awareness are in the: a. Conscious b. Unconscious c. Subconscious d. Preconscious

a. Conscious

Two major influences on one's growth and development patterns are: a. Heredity and environment b. Age and religion c. Race and ethnicity d. Mental and intellectual skills

a. Heredity and environment

According to Freud, the driving force behind all human behavior is the: a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious mind

a. Id

The egocentric child: a. Is focused on himself or herself b. Feels separate and alone c. Has a need to be loved by others d. Is threatened by others

a. Is focused on himself or herself

According to Erikson, the foundation for a healthy personality is: a. Trust b. Autonomy c. Intimacy d. Ego integrity

a. Trust

Jeremy attends the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from: a. Unrestrained id dominance b. An overdeveloped superego c. Conflict with the ego d. Unresolved Electra complex

a. Unrestrained id dominance

Maturation occurs: a. Without training b. With practice c. Quickly d. With experience

a. Without training

Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic. Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are: a. Independent of each other b. An interdependent process c. Events that take place at the same time d. The same for all children

b. An interdependent process

Personality is best defined: a. As the part of the mind that avoids conflict b. As a pattern of behavior unique to an individual c. As the focus that enhances the quality of one's life d. As the quality and intensity of one's feelings

b. As a pattern of behavior unique to an individual

An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as: a. Identification b. Compensation c. Sublimation d. Projection

b. Compensation

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the child's moral reasoning begins because of a need to: a. Avoid punishment b. Gain love and support from others c. Seek self-satisfaction d. Reduce feelings of ambivalence

b. Gain love and support from others

Cephalocaudal development progresses from: a. The center outward b. Head toward the toe c. Outward to within d. Inside to outside

b. Head toward the toe

Freud's psyche receives its energy from the: a. Conscience b. Libido c. Ego d. Superego

b. Libido

Mr. and Mrs. Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates. According to Freud, Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development? a. Anal stage b. Phallic stage c. Latency d. Genital

b. Phallic stage

A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea. He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs? a. Self-actualization b. Physiological c. Safety d. Belonging

b. Physiological

A newborn infant sucks automatically on its mother's breast. This is an example of: a. Schemata b. Reflexes c. Conditioning d. Assimilation

b. Reflexes

Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. One difference between males and females cited by Gilligan is that females are more concerned with: a. Morality and justice b. Relationships and intimacy c. Regulation and punishment d. Abstract reasoning

b. Relationships and intimacy

The conscience is often referred to as the: a. Ego b. Superego c. Id d. Libido

b. Superego

Defense mechanisms serve the following purpose: a. They are reflex mechanisms. b. They help cope with anxiety. c. They are a cause and effect response. d. They are manipulative responses

b. They help cope with anxiety

Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others and develop any meaningful relationship. Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow's needs? a. Physiological b. Safety c. Belonging d. Self-esteem

c. Belonging

The characteristic pattern of growth and development is that growth and development: a. Progress from complex to simple b. Occur at the same rate for each person c. Can be slow and steady with rapid periods d. Only affect physical changes

c. Can be slow and steady with rapid periods

According to Piaget, a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take on many forms in the: a. Sensorimotor stage b. Preoperational stage c. Concrete stage d. Formal stage

c. Concrete stage

Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of: a. Trust b. Autonomy c. Initiative d. Industry

c. Initiative

An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment. She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting people. What level of Maslow's hierarchy is she struggling with? a. Physiological b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self-actualization

c. Love and belonging

When a young man attempts to go to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away as the tickets are all sold out. He responds, "it doesn't really matter, the movie was probably overrated by the reviewers." The young man is probably: a. Repressing b. Regressing c. Rationalizing d. Compensating

c. Rationalizing

After a traumatic car accident, the driver cannot remember any of the details. A common defense mechanism that could explain this is known as: a. Rationalization b. Compensation c. Repression d. Reaction formation

c. Repression

According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when the person is: a. Uncomfortable in the presence of strangers b. Able to recognize the need to excel in whatever he or she does c. Self-fulfilled and strives to reach potential d. Firm and unbending in his or her ideas

c. Self-fulfilled and strives to reach potentia

Nancy, age 3, is being seen in the managed care clinic. As part of the yearly health screen, the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development. Development is assessed based on: a. How many inches she has grown b. How much she weighs c. What skills she has acquired d. Her head circumference

c. What skills she has acquired

When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist, he is using which coping skill? a. Repression b. Regression c. Compensation d. Denial

d. Denial

When the young girl reached high school, she chose track just like her older sister had done a few years earlier. The young girl is probably using: a. Compensation b. Rationalization c. Reaction formation d. Identification

d. Identification

Two parents are describing the process of maturation of their children. Which statement about maturation is correct? a. Skills are acquired through practice. b. It is the unfolding of moral and intellectual capacity. c. It is the acquisition of knowledge potential. d. It is the unfolding of the child's potential regardless of practice and training.

d. It is the unfolding of the child's potential regardless of practice and training

The nurse recognizes that according to Freud's theory, the 5-year-old boy who expresses "When I'm bigger I want to marry you, Mommy," is demonstrating: a. Sublimation b. Wishful thinking c. Displacement d. Oedipal complex

d. Oedipal complex

A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by starting to wet his bed at night and sucking his thumb. These coping mechanisms are called: a. Repression b. Suppression c. Denial d. Regression

d. Regression